TOPIC 1

• When was Russia industrialising?

  Towards the end of the 19th century
• What percentage of the pop were peasants?

  85
• Demands for what increased towards the end of the 19th century?

  reform/rebellion
• Aims and methods of the Social revolutionaries?

  Terrorism - wanted more land
• Aims and methods of the social democrats?

  Promoted idea of a revolution - (mensheviks and bolsheviks made this up)
• Aims and methods of the cadets?

  Wanted more democracy - but wanted to keep the Tsar in power.
• Why was Tsar Nicholas II a bad leader?

  He was unwilling to limit his power.
• In January 1905 - who led the march to the winter palace?

  Father Gapon
• How many people died in the march to the winter palace?

  100
• What helped to bring an end to the 1905 revolution + how?

  The october manifesto as it promised a democratic party and more freedom-- The manifesto divided the opponents of the Tsar which made it easier for him to retain power.
• What were the 2 main things the Tsar used from 1906 - 1913 to maintain power?

  Oppression and reform
• List 2 examples of oppression by the Tsar from 1906-1913:

  People exiled

  Opposition publicly hung by 'Stolypin's necktie'
• List 2 examples of reform by the Tsar from 1906-1913

  Kulaks were allowed to buy land.

  Stolypin attempted to boost russian industry.
• What happened to support for the Tsar after Stolypin's death?

  It fell as people less incentivised to obey as there were less repercussions.

  Stolypin had planned to make education more widely accessible, the Tsar did not allow this to continue.
• What happened to the Tsar's popularity after start of war?

  It increased due to patriotism, then fell after battle losses- unexpected
• What were negative impacts of ww1 on russia?

  Mass conscription and death

  Living conditions worsened
• Why was the Tsar blamed for military defeats?

  Because in Sept 1915 he took control of the army and was incompetent as a leader.
• Why was the Tsar unpopular with the aristocracy in 1917?

  He allowed Rasputin to have a lot of influence.

  He took control of the army in September 1915 and did badly.

  He let his German wife take control of Russia
• When did the Tsar abdicate?

  15th March 1917
• General- what is marxism?

  belief that there should be no social class nor government - essentially early communism.