TOPIC 2

• When did the tsar abdicate?

  15th March 1917
• Why was provisional government weak?

  Lacked legitimacy, unity, permenance (LUP)
• What was the kornilov affair?

  Kornilov takes troops to capital - to restore order

  Misinterpreted as an attack

  Bolsheviks take charge + redirect troops' trains

  Bolsheviks look good after this
• What was the april theses?

  Document of points laying the foundation of the 1917 November Revolution
• Who made the april theses?

  Lenin
• What was PBL- and what was it's significance?

  Peace bread and land, Lenin's slogan and it represented the things he would get for the people, unified the population.
• Lenin '...' and Trotsky '...' - fill in the blanks.

  Lenin persuaded and Trotsky organised - the Bolsheviks for the revolution
• What happened from the 6th to 8th november 1917 ?

  6th - Red guards stationed in Petrograd

  7th - Bolsheviks take control of railway and storm the winter palace; arresting ministers

  8th - Bolsheviks have control
• What factors led to the november revolution?

  Unpopularity of prov gov

  Bolshevik control in cities

  Lack of strong leadership
• What decrees did lenin use to turn russia communist?

  Gave land to peasants

  Made peace with Germany

  Established the Cheka

  Decreased working hours
• Why did Lenin close the constituent assembly?

  Bolsheviks lost on majority vote
• Why was Russia's peace deal costly ?

  Had to pay 300 mil gold roubles to Germany

  Lost land, industry and vast amounts of money
• Why did the civil war happen in Russia?

  There was great opposition to the Bolsheviks due to their excessive use of force.
• Who was the civil war between?

  Whites and Reds
• Why were the Reds stronger?

  The reds were unified, all fighting for one reason, the whites were only unified by their dislike of the Bolsheviks.
• In what way were the whites strong?

  They had a lot of support
• What brutalities did the reds do in civil war?

  Hung, shot, beat, imprisoned, tortured opposition + killed retreating soldiers
• Why were the Tsar and his family murdered?

  The reds belieed that that the whites would rescue them.
• What brutalities did the whites do during the civil war?

  Robbed the peasants of food + burnt down houses. Executed 100,000 peasants.
• When was the russian civil war?

  Late 1917 approximately.
• What factors led to Bolshevik victory?

  Organisation, unity, peasant support out of fear, red terror, propaganda.
• Why + how was bolshevik propaganda significant?

  Consistency in their messages -> main message was that they were fighting FOR the people.
• How did the Bolsheviks spread civil war propaganda?

  Videos and letters sent around through the railway.
• What were the main aims of war communism?

  Promoted communism through equal resource sharing

  To win the civil war
• How did war communism harm Russia?

  in 1921 - upwards of 7 million died from a famine
• When did war communism start and end?

  1918-1921
• What happened in the kronstadt uprising?

  Kronstadt sailors mutinied against the bolsheviks

  Trotsky sent 60000 soldiers to shut it down

  2000+ soldiers were executed by the cheka
• Establishment of the Cheka

  First secret police force in Soviet Russia, responsible for suppressing opposition and maintaining control
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

  Ended Russia's involvement in World War I, consolidated power, and allowed focus on domestic issues
• Decrease in working hours

  Implemented an eight-hour workday and improved working conditions for industrial workers, gaining working class support and increasing productivity
• Land decrees

  Redistributed land from wealthy landowners to peasants, gaining rural population support and weakening the aristocracy
• When was the Kronstadt uprising?

  1st March 1921
• How did the NEP introduction show Lenin to be a strong leader?

  Showing he was pragmatic and flexible.
• Why was the NEP significant in a more general regard?

  Showed Lenin to be flexible,

  Reintroduced capitalism partially,

  Boosted peasant support as they could not make profit.
• What challenges did Len+Trot overcome to gain ctrl of Russia?????

  Civil war

  Kronstadt uprising
• When did lenin die?

  21st January 1924