Lesson 3 - Language

• What is an Indigenous language?

  A language native to a region
• Why might an Indigenous language be considered a minority language?

  It may not be recognized as a national language
• What does it mean when a language has fallen out of use?

  It may have experienced language death
• How can an Indigenous Peoples Language be defined?

  Language spoken uniquely by a specific group
• What role do Indigenous languages play in cultural identity?

  They reflect values, beliefs, and traditions
• How do Indigenous languages connect generations?

  • Provide a sense of belonging
  • Share stories and practices
  • Maintain cultural continuity
• What does the Ilokano idiomatic expression "Ti táo nga mannaríta, awán ti ania nga magapuánanna" mean?

  A man that talks too much accomplishes little
• What does "Kandingon" refer to in Cebuano?

  A person who doesn’t like taking a bath
• What does "Guwapa kon magtalikod" mean in Cebuano?

  Not beautiful from behind
• What does the Ilokano expression "Ti agkutak, isu’t nangitlog" imply?

  He who talks first is guilty
• What is the historical significance of many Indigenous languages?

  • Document early ways of life
  • Record struggles and achievements
  • Serve as repositories of knowledge
• Why is preserving Indigenous languages critical?

  Many are endangered due to declining speakers
• What does the Department of Education Order number 74 series of 2009 promote?

  • Institutionalizing Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education
  • Improving learning outcomes
  • Promoting education for all
• What challenge do many children face in developing countries regarding language?

  They enter school not speaking the classroom language
• How many individual languages are listed for the Philippines?

  187 languages
• How many of the languages in the Philippines are living?

  183 languages
• What are the categories of living languages in the Philippines?

  Institutional, developing, vigorous, in trouble, dying
• What is linguicide?

  Language killing by a dominant group
• What is ethnocide?

  Ending or changing lives of certain people
• What is genocide in the context of language?

  Language disappears with its people's death
• How does ethnocide affect traditional ways of life?

  It attempts to end a people's traditional way of life
• What is the definition of an endangered language according to Michael Cahill?

  A language in imminent danger of dying out
• What major issue does the Ati group face regarding their language?

  Landlessness affecting language endangerment
• What is the effect of acculturation on language?

  • Changes traditional language use
  • Influences language structure and vocabulary
  • May lead to language endangerment
• What is the significance of the Laguna Copperplate Inscription?

  • Contains early forms of writing
  • Reflects trade language of the Malayan area
  • Shows cultural exchange with foreign countries
• What is Baybayin?

  • An ancient syllabic script
  • Used to write languages like Ilokano
  • Documented in the 16th century
• Which Indigenous languages have maintained ancient syllabic scripts?

  • Buhid-Mangyan
  • Hanunuo-Mangyan
  • Tagbanwa of Palawan
• Why do we need to study Indigenous Peoples Literature?

  • Provides insight into IP worldviews
  • Explains origins of food and livelihood
  • Preserves cultural identity for future generations
• What role do IP literatures play in cultural transmission?

  • Vehicle for customs and beliefs
  • Preserve identity of Indigenous Peoples
  • Transmit practices to future generations