PolSci

• Political Science


  The systematic study of governance by the application of empirical and generally scientific methods of analysis. Reduced to its simplest terms, Political Science is the systematic study of the state and government
• Polis


  Greek word meaning city or what today would be the equivalent of a sovereign state
• The main objective of Political Science is to acquire knowledge and understanding about the government and the state
• Branches of Political Science

  • Political Theory
  • Public Law
  • Public Administration
• Political Theory


  The entire of doctrines relating to the origin, form, behavior, and purposes of the state are dealt with in the study of this subject
• Public Law


  The organization of the governments, the limitations upon government authority, the powers and duties of governmental offices and officers, and the obligation of one state to another are handled in this subject
• Public Administration


  The focus is on the methods and techniques used in the actual management of state affairs by the executive, legislative and judicial branches of the government
• Functions and Importance of Political Science

  • To discover the principles that should be adhered to in public affairs and to study the operations of the government to demonstrate what is good, to criticized what is bad or inefficient, and to suggest improvements
  • Its findings and conclusions may be of immense practical use to constitution makers, legislators, and judges who need models or norms that can be applied to immediate situations. It may also be immense practical use to individuals who seek to understand the state in which they live
  • The study of political science deals also with the problems of social welfare, governmental economic programs, international cooperation, and wide range of other matters that are urgent concern to public officials and to private citizen
• Elements of State


  • Population
  • Territory
  • Sovereignty
  • Government
• Inherent Powers of the State

  • Taxation
  • Eminent Domain
  • Police Power
• Taxation


  The practice of a government collecting money from its citizens to pay for public services
• Characteristics of a Sound Tax System

  • Fiscal Adequacy
  • Theoretical Justice
  • Administrative Feasibility
• Eminent Domain


  The power of the government to take private property and convert it into public use
• Police Power


  The inherent power of a government to exercise reasonable control over persons and property within its jurisdiction in the interest of the general security, health, safety, morals, and welfare except where legally prohibited
• Forms of Government


  • Presidential
  • Parliamentary
• Great Britain and Japan are under a parliamentary form of government which is characterized of being a parliamentary monarchy
• In a Presidential form of government like the Philippines, the head of the state is the President
• A REPUBLICAN GOVERNMENT is one whose government in which the powers of sovereignty are vested in the people and are exercised by the people, either directly, or through representatives chosen by the people, to whom those powers are specially delegated
• Branches of Government


  • Executive
  • Legislative
  • Judicial
• Executive


  Branch of government responsible for the implementation of laws and policies adopted by the legislature
• Legislative


  In charge of making laws
• Judicial


  In charge of deciding the meaning of laws, how to apply them to real situations, and whether a law breaks the rules of the Constitution
• Components of National Territory

  • Kalayaan and Scarborough shoal
  • Inland or Internal Waters
  • Territorial Sea
  • Contiguous Zone
  • Exclusive Economic Zone
  • High Seas or International Waters
• Kalayaan and Scarborough shoal are not included in the area covered by the Archipelagic baseline but it is still considered as part of our National Territory because the Philippines has sovereignty and jurisdiction on it
• Inland or Internal Waters


  They are within the land territory. Examples are the lakes, rivers and gulf
• Territorial Sea


  It is that portion of the sea which is 12 nautical miles adjacent to the coast of a State which is under its jurisdictional control
• Contiguous Zone


  The zone extending up to 12 nautical miles from the territorial sea. The coastal state may exercise limited jurisdiction as a preventive measure to insure that Customs Laws, Immigration and Sanitary Laws are properly and effectively enforced
• Exclusive Economic Zone


  Extends up to 200 nautical miles from the territorial sea. The sovereign rights over this area is for the purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources, whether living or non-living
• High Seas or International Waters


  The ocean water column that lies beyond the boundaries and jurisdiction of any country
• Rulings of the Permanent Court of Arbitration based on Hague regarding China's Sea Claim


  • The PCA awarded the Philippines sovereign rights over Panganiban or Mischief Reef, Ayungin or Second Thomas Shoal, and Recto or Reed Bank of Palawan
  • The PCA did not award sovereign right of the Philippines over PANATAG or SCARBOROUGH SHOAL
  • China violated Philippine sovereign rights by constructing artificial islands, interfering with Filipinos' fishing and oil exploration, and failing to prevent Chinese from fishing in the Philippines' Exclusive Economic Zone
  • China's island reclamation aggravated the dispute during arbitration and inflicted irreparable harm on the marine environment
  • Beijing 's so called NINE-DASH LINE historic claim over nearly all the South China Sea has NO LEGAL BASIS
  • The PCA noted that both China and Philippines had ratified the UNCLOS, on which the court ruling was based. Hence, the award shall be complied with by the parties to the dispute
• The Sultanate of Sulu claims ownership over the territories of SABAH and PALAWAN as it was given to them by the Sultan of Brunei as a gift in assisting to avert war in Borneo in 1658
• Sulu Sultan Mohammad Kiram ceded sovereignty and dominion over Sabah to the Philippine government, through President Diosdado Macapagal in 1962
• The right transferred from the British to the Malaysia from the very beginning is only the right to lease not ownership
• Constitution


  The body of rules and principles in accordance with which the power sovereignty are regularly exercised
• Functions of a Constitution

  • Serves as the supreme or fundamental law of the land
  • Establishes basic framework and underlying principles of government
• Statute


  A law that has enacted by the Legislative Branch
• Ordinance


  Written laws adopted by the municipal governing authority
• Three Sets of the Provisions of a Constitution

  • Constitution of Government
  • Constitution of Liberty
  • Constitution of Sovereignty
• Evolution of the Philippine Constitution

  • Malolos Constitution
  • 1935 Constitution
  • 1972 Constitution
  • Freedom Constitution
  • 1987 Constitution
• The Malolos Constitution was drafted and enacted in Barasoain Church in Bulacan during the administration of President Emilio Aguinaldo as the first President of the Republic