NDHS

• NDHS

  National Demographic and Health Survey
• Primary reliance on clean fuels and technologies


  The percentage of the population using clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating, and lighting
• Clean cooking fuel and technologies


  • Stoves/cookers using electricity, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)/natural gas/biogas, solar, and alcohol/ethanol
• Clean heating fuels and technologies


  • Central heating, electricity, LPG/natural gas/biogas, solar air heater, and alcohol/ethanol
• Clean lighting fuels and technologies


  • Electricity, solar lanterns, battery-powered or rechargeable flashlights/torches/lanterns, and biogas lamps
• Wealth index


  Households are given scores based on the number and kinds of consumer goods they own, ranging from a television to a bicycle or car, and housing characteristics such as source of drinking water, toilet facilities, and flooring materials. These scores are derived using principal component analysis. National wealth quintiles are compiled by assigning the household score to each usual (de jure) household member, ranking each person in the household population by their score, and then dividing the distribution into five equal categories, each comprising 20% of the population.
• Household


  A person or group of related or unrelated persons who live together in the same dwelling unit(s), who acknowledge one adult male or female as the head of the household, who share the same housekeeping arrangements, and who are considered a single unit.
• De facto population


  All persons who stayed in the selected households the night before the interview (whether usual residents or visitors)
• De jure population


  All persons who are usual residents of the selected households, whether or not they stayed in the household the night before the interview.
• All tables are based on the de facto population unless otherwise specified.
• Orphan


  A child with one or both parents who are dead.
• Registered birth


  Child has a birth certificate or child does not have a birth certificate, but the birth is registered with the civil authorities.
• Median educational attainment


  Half of the population has completed less than the median number of years of schooling, and half of the population has completed more than the median number of years of schooling.
• Net Attendance Ratio (NAR)


  Percentage of the school-age population that attends primary or secondary school.
• Gross Attendance Ratio (GAR)


  The total number of children attending primary school divided by the official primary school-age population and the total number of children attending secondary school divided by the official secondary school-age population.
• Gender Parity Index (GPI)


  The ratio of female to male students attending primary school and the ratio of female to male students attending secondary school. The index reflects the magnitude of the gender gap.
• Nonviolent disciplinary approaches


  • Taking away privileges, forbidding something the child liked, or not allowing the child to leave the house
  • Explaining that the child's behavior was wrong
  • Giving the child something else to do
• Psychological aggression


  • Shouting, yelling, or screaming at the child
  • Calling the child dumb, lazy, or a similar term
• Physical punishment


  • Shaking the child
  • Spanking, hitting, or slapping the child on the bottom with a bare hand
  • Hitting the child on the bottom or other part of the body with a belt, hairbrush, stick, or other similar hard object
  • Hitting or slapping the child on the face, head, or ears
  • Hitting the child on the hand, arm, or leg
  • Beating the child up, that is, hitting the child over and over as hard as one
• Any violent punishment


  • Any psychological aggression
  • Any physical or severe physical punishment
• Literacy


  Respondents who had attended higher than secondary school were assumed to be literate. All other respondents were considered literate if they could read aloud all or part of a sentence shown to them.
• Exposure to mass media


  Respondents were asked how often they read a newspaper, listened to the radio, or watched television. Those who responded at least once a week are considered regularly exposed to that form of media.
• Use of the internet

  Respondents were asked if they have ever used the internet from any device, if they used the internet in the last 12 months, and, if so, how often they used it during the last month.
• Currently employed


  Respondents who were employed in the 7 days before the survey.
• Occupation


  • Professional/technical/managerial
  • Clerical
  • Sales and services
  • Skilled manual
  • Unskilled manual
  • Agriculture
  • Other
• Currently in Union


  Women who report being married or living together with a partner as though married at the time of the survey. In this report, the terms currently in union and currently married are used interchangeably except where noted.
• Registered marriage


  A woman whose marriage is registered with the civil authorities regardless of whether or not she has a marriage certificate.
• Median age at first marriage


  Age by which half of respondents have been married.
• Total fertility rate


  The average number of children a woman would have by the end of her childbearing years if she bore children at the current age-specific fertility rates. Age-specific fertility rates are calculated for the 3 years before the survey, based on detailed pregnancy histories provided by women.
• Median birth interval


  Number of months since the preceding birth by which half of children are born
• Postpartum amenorrhea


  The period of time after the end of a pregnancy and before the resumption of menstruation.
• Postpartum abstinence


  The period of time after the end of a pregnancy and before the resumption of sexual intercourse
• Postpartum insusceptibility


  The period of time during which a woman is considered not at risk of pregnancy because she is postpartum amenorrheic and/or abstaining from sexual intercourse postpartum.
• Median duration of postpartum amenorrhea


  Number of months after the end of a pregnancy by which time half of women have begun menstruating.
• Median duration of postpartum insusceptibility


  Number of months after the end of a pregnancy by which time half of women are no longer protected against pregnancy by either postpartum amenorrhea or abstinence from sexual intercourse.
• Menopause


  Women are considered to have reached menopause if they are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic and have not had a menstrual period in the 6 months before the survey, if they report being menopausal or having had a hysterectomy, or if they have never menstruated.
• Median age at first birth


  Age by which half of women have had their first child.
• Teenage pregnancy


  Percentage of women age 15–19 who have ever been pregnant (ever had a live birth, ever had a pregnancy loss, or are currently pregnant)
• Early pregnancy and childbearing


  Percentage of women age 15–24 who have ever been pregnant (ever had a live birth, ever had a pregnancy loss, or are currently pregnant).
• Live birth


  A child who was born alive, even if for a very short time