HISTO LEC BLOOD

• Blood

  Specialized type of Loose Connective Tissue
• Blood vessels


  Location of blood
• Blood contains:

  1. Plasma
  2. Formed Elements
• Plasma


  extracellular material; fluid matrix
• What are the formed elements?

  1. Erythrocytes
  2. Leukocytes
  3. Thrombocytes
• Which are the cell fragments among the formed elements?

  Platelets
• Erythrocytes


  Red Blood Cells
• Leukocytes


  White Blood Cells
• What are the two groups of white blood cells?

  1. Granulocytes
  2. Agranulocytes
• What are the granulocytes?

  1. Neutrophil
  2. Eosinophil
  3. Basophil
• What are the agranulocytes?

  1. Lymphocyte
  2. Monocyte
• Characteristic of Blood

  About 5% of total body weight
• Characteristic of Blood

  ~5L in a 60kg person
• Characteristic of Blood

  ph = 7.4
• Characteristic of Blood

  Colors:

  • Oxygenated - light red
  • Unoxygenated - dark red
• Compositions of Whole Blood

  1. Plasma
  2. Erythrocytes
  3. Buffy coat
• Functions of Blood

  1. Respiration
  2. Nutrition
  3. Excretory
  4. Protection
  5. Regulatory
• Function of Blood: Protection


  Cells and substances of the immune system (defense against infection)
• Function of Blood: Nutrition


  Nutrient transport from GIT to other tissues
• Function of Blood: Regulatory


  Thermoregulation, acid-base balance (pH), osmotic balance, reservoir for electrolytes, water; transportation of hormones, proteins
• Function of blood: Respiration


  Oxygen transport from lungs to other tissues
• Function of blood: Excretory


  CO2, toxic materials, and other waste materials towards excretory organs
• Plasma


  transparent, yellowish fluid
• Components of Plasma

  • 92% water by weight
  • 7% proteins by weight
  • 1% other solutes by weight
• 8% Dissolved Substances


  The collective term for the 7% proteins and 1% other solutes
• 7% proteins

  synthesized by the liver (except gamma globulins)
• Albumin


  most abundant, smallest plasma protein; maintain osmotic pressure
• Two globulins

  1. Alpha and Beta
  2. Gamma
• Gamma globulins


  which of the two globulins are synthesized by plasma cells?
• Alpha & Beta globulins


  These globulins transport proteins
• Gamma globulins


  These globulins are also called antibodies
• immunoglobulin


  gamma globulins; antibodies
• Fibrinogen


  largest plasma protein; polymerizes during formation of clot into fibrin fibers
• Components of the 7% protein

  1. Albumin
  2. Globulins
  3. Fibrinogen
  4. Regulatory Proteins
• Enzymes and hormones


  Give the other proteins which are regulatory
• Components of the 1% other solute or dissolved substances

  1. electrolyte
  2. nutrients
  3. respiratory gases
  4. waste products
• Percentage of each proteins in plasma

  • 58% albumin
  • 37% globulins
  • 4% fibrinogen
  • <1% regulatory proteins
• Serum vs. Plasma

  Which is a straw-colored fluid, pale yellow in color?

  Serum
• Serum vs. Plasma

  Which is obtained when blood is placed in test tube without anticoagulant, left to stand forming a clot (Remove the clot, the remaining light-yellow fluid is serum)
• Serum vs. Plasma

  Plasma

  water and dissolved substances