DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Cards (26)

  • Digestive System
    Is like a big juicer of food that processes important materials needed for the function of the body
  • Main purpose of Digestive System
    • Grind and juice out our food and get its nutrients so that it can be used as a fuel of cell in our body
  • 2 main processes of Digestion
    • Mechanical digestion
    • Chemical digestion
  • Mechanical digestion
    Is the process in which food is broken down by means of chewing, biting and grinding to make it into smaller particles
  • Chemical digestion
    Is the process of digesting food with the use of enzymes to make food soluble for it to be absorbed by the body and be transferred through the circulatory system
  • Four stages of food processing
    • Ingestion - taking in food that starts in the mouth
    • Digestion - breaking down of food into smaller particles in order to use its nutrients
    • Absorption - taking the nutrients from the digested food to be used by the body for different life processes
    • Egestion - removing any leftover wastes after the digestion process
  • Parts of the Alimentary Canal
    • Mouth
    • Esophagus
    • Stomach
    • Small intestine
    • Large intestine
    • Rectum
    • Anus
  • Saliva
    Contains ptayalin, a.k.a salivary amylase, which softens and converts the starch in the food we eat into a simple sugar called maltose while chewing
  • Pharynx
    Found at the region of the neck
  • Bolus
    Function as a passageway of the ball of food mixed with saliva
  • 3 main divisions of pharynx
    • Nasopharynx - near in the nasal cavity
    • Oropharynx - area of oral cavity
    • Hypopharynx - lowest part of the pharynx near the esophagus
  • Esophagus
    A long, muscular tube that functions as a passageway of food from the pharynx to the stomach with the use of peristalsis
  • Peristalsis
    Is a wave of muscular contractions that push the masticated food (bolus) down towards the stomach
  • Stomach
    Is a J-shaped muscular bag where the food goes to be chemically digested
  • Cardiac sphincter
    Is an opening in the stomach that allows the food to get inside the esophagus and closes to prevent backflow of food and digestive enzymes
  • Chyme
    Semisolid form of digested food
  • Small intestine
    20-30 feet long small intestine
  • Villi
    Nutrients are mainly absorbed with the tiny hair like projections in the intestinal wall
  • Parts of the Large intestine
    • Cecum
    • Ascending colon
    • Transverse colon
    • Descending colon
    • Sigmoid colon
  • Mucus
    Is also present in the large intestine to lubricate the food as it goes to the rectum and to the anus
  • Rectum and Anus
    The waste product or feces from the large intestine is then temporarily stored to the rectum before it will be expelled by the anus. The rectum expands until it becomes full which then tells the brain to release it out with the use of the nerves in the rectum. This is called as bowel movement.
  • Accessory Organs
    • Salivary glands
    • Liver
    • Gallbladder
    • Pancreas
  • Salivary Gland
    These are glands that produce saliva used for softening the food and breaking down carbohydrates into simple sugar
  • Liver
    • Found below the right side of the ribs. Main Functions: Produce bile, which breaks down or emulsify fat during digestion. Also detoxifies the blood as it circulates the body such as alcohol.
  • Gallbladder
    Is a small sac located under the liver. Store bile- main purpose
  • Pancreas
    Is a bumpy, leaf-shaped organ located below the stomach. It contains pancreatic duct, a tube that is located at the duodenum of the small intestine.