Diabetes

• What is the role of insulin in the body?

  It helps regulate blood glucose levels.
• When is insulin released by the pancreas?

  When blood glucose concentration is high.
• What does insulin do to glucose in the bloodstream?

  It tells cells to absorb excess glucose.
• What does insulin convert excess glucose into?

  Glycogen
• What is the underlying problem in both types of diabetes?

  Patients can't regulate blood glucose levels.
• At what age does Type 1 diabetes generally occur?

  In childhood or teenage years.
• What happens to insulin production in Type 1 diabetes?

  The pancreas stops producing insulin.
• What is the main treatment for Type 1 diabetes?

  Injecting insulin
• Where is insulin typically injected for Type 1 diabetes treatment?

  Into the abdomen or thigh.
• How does injecting insulin after a meal help Type 1 diabetes patients?

  It mimics the pancreas releasing insulin.
• What factors determine the amount of insulin a Type 1 diabetes patient needs to inject?

  What they've eaten and their exercise level.
• Why are people with diabetes encouraged to avoid sugary foods?

  It helps manage their blood glucose levels.
• How does exercise affect insulin needs for diabetes patients?

  More exercise means they need less insulin.
• Who is most likely to develop Type 2 diabetes?

  Older people with unhealthy diets.
• What happens to cells in Type 2 diabetes?

  They become resistant to insulin.
• What is the effect of insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes?

  Cells won't take in much glucose.
• Why wouldn't giving insulin help Type 2 diabetes patients?

  Because their cells don't respond to it.
• What is the main treatment for Type 2 diabetes?

  A healthy low sugar diet and exercise.
• What are the key differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

  • Type 1:
  • Occurs in childhood/teenage years
  • Pancreas stops producing insulin
  • Treated with insulin injections
  • Type 2:
  • Occurs in older adults
  • Cells become resistant to insulin
  • Treated with diet and exercise
• What resources are available on the cognito.org website?

  • Videos on various topics
  • Questions and flashcards
  • Exam style questions
  • Past papers
  • Progress tracking