Volcano and Earthquake

• Types of Earthquake


  • Volcanic
  • Tectonic
• Volcanic earthquake


  Happens with strong volcanic eruption
• Tectonic earthquake


  Caused by movement of the earth's crust
• Earthquake strength


  Measured in magnitude and intensity
• Magnitude


  Amount of energy released by the earthquake's focus
• Epicenter


  The ground above the earthquake's focus
• Richter Scale


  Developed by Charles E. Richter to measure earthquake magnitude
• Earthquake intensity


  Measured using the Philippine Earthquake Intensity Scale
• Earthquake intensity levels


  • 0- 1.9- detected only by seismograph
  • 5- 5.9 - damage to well-built structures, severe damage to poorly built ones
  • 9 and - total destruction
• Earthquake-prone regions


  • Pacific Ring of Fire
  • Circum-Pacific Belt
• Volcano


  • Opening in the Earth's crust
  • Crater - the mouth of the volcano
• Volcanic eruption


  1. Tectonic plates collide, causing build-up of underground pressure and temperature

  2. High temperature and pressure results in melting of rocks

  3. Lava flows out of the crater
• Types of volcanic eruption

  • Explosive - large amount of pyroclastic material ejected
  • - lava just flows out of the crater
• Explosive Volcanic eruption can last for several hours or days
• There is less pressure inside the magma chamber

  Than at the Earth's surface
• Bad effects of volcanic eruption include very hot lava flow, mudflow/lahar, volcanic ash and dust that can damage buildings and cause lung problems, and can trigger earthquakes
• Good effects of volcanic eruption include making the soil fertile, producing geothermal steam for electricity, and providing industrial materials like pumice and sulfur
• Before an earthquake


  1. Check the structure of your house

  2. Know the routes to get out of the house/building

  3. Find where alarms and communication facilities are located

  4. Prepare an emergency plan with fire extinguishers and first aid

  5. Have a stock of water, flashlight, radio, batteries, spare clothes, and packed food
• During an earthquake


  Keep calm and if inside a building, duck, cover, and hold
• Volcanos of the philippines

  taal, mt. Bulusan, mt. Pinatubo, mt. Kanlaon, Hibok-hibok
• Before an Earthquake


  1. Check the structure of your house or building

  2. Identify hazards such as steep hill slopes, hanging objects, and unsecured furniture

  3. Look for potentially dangerous things

  4. Familiarize yourself with your home and school routes

  5. Know the location of fire extinguishers, first aid kits, alarms, and communication facilities

  6. Prepare an emergency plan

  7. Have a stock of potable water, flashlight, radio, batteries, spare clothes, and some food
• During an Earthquake


  1. Keep calm

  2. If inside, go under a desk or table

  3. If outside, stay away from buildings or electric posts

  4. Duck, cover, and hold

  5. Do not rush to the exit in a crowded place

  6. If in a moving car, ask the driver to stop and park away from buildings, electric wires, or posts

  7. Do not use elevators
• After an Earthquake

  1. Find a safe place

  2. Check the safety of family members

  3. Do not attempt to cross damaged bridges and overpasses

  4. Check for fires and use fire control or alarm units if needed

  5. Follow instructions from authorities
• Before a Volcanic Eruption

  1. Be aware of signs of possible eruption

  2. Listen to the radio or authorities for safety instructions

  3. Prepare emergency supplies

  4. Stock food and water

  5. Evacuate if necessary

  6. Prepare masks for nose and mouth
• During a Volcanic Eruption

  1. Stay indoors

  2. Stay away from low places

  3. Cover nose with mask or damp cloth

  4. Keep food and water covered
• After a Volcanic Eruption

  1. Stay in the evacuation center

  2. Avoid going back home right away

  3. Avoid crossing bridges with lahar flows

  4. Remove ash from roofs

  5. Check drinking water and electrical wiring
• Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions can be dangerous natural disasters that require preparation and safety measures