Coordinated responses

• 1. Hypothalamus
  2. activates sympathetic nervous system
  3. impulses activates glands and smooth muscle
  4. activates adrenal medulla
  5. releases adrenaline
  6. relaxes noradrenaline
  7. bloodstream
  8. activates adrenal cortex by realises CRF
  9. pituitary gland secretes hormone ACTH
  10. ACTH arrives at adrenal cortex and releases approximately 30 hormones
  11. Combination of neuronal and hormonal activity in flight or fight response

  
• what is the fight or flight response

  an instinct that all mammals have when a dangerous situation is detected the body automatically triggers a series of physical responses
• What pathway does the sympathetic nervous system use

  Neuronal pathways
• What systems does the adrenal cortex trigger

  Hormones in the bloodstream
• How does the sympathetic nervous system send out a response

  Sends Out an Impulse to gland and smooth muscles and tells the adrenal medulla to relaxes adrenaline and noradrenaline into the bloodstream.
• What does adrenaline and noradrenaline cause

  Several changes in the body including increased heart rate
• What does the pituitary gland release

  ACTH which travels in the bloodstream to the adrenal cortex where it activates the release of hormones
• Why does the heart rate increase in the fight it flight response

  To pump oxygenated blood round the body faster
• Why do the pupils dilate in the fight it flight response 


  To take in as much light as possible for better vision
• Why does blood glucose levels increase in the fight it flight response

  To increase respiration to provide energy for muscle contraction
• Why do smooth muscle of airways contract in the fight it flight response

  To allow more oxygen into the lungs
• Why do non essential systems shut down in the fight it flight response

  To focus on emergency functions
• Why do you have difficulty focusing on small tasks in the fight it flight response

  The Brain is solely focused only on where they threat is coming from
• What is the main function of adrenaline in the fight or flight response

  to trigger the liver cells to undergo glycogenolysis so glucose is released Into the bloodstream
• Why can’t adrenaline pass through cell membrane

  It is hydrophilic
• How does adrenaline bind to the livers Cell surface membrane

  1. The hormone adrenaline approaches the receptor site
  2. Adrenaline fuses to the receptor site and in doing so it activate an enzyme inside the membrane
  3. the activated enzyme converts ATP to cyclic AMP which acts as a second messenger that activates other enzymes which converts glycogen to glucose
• What Enzyme triggers the conversion of ATP to Cyclic AMP

  Adrenal Cyclase
• What enzyme does an increase in cyclic AMP activate

  Protein kinase