Mendelian Genetics

• Mendelian Genetics cannot explain human traits and focuses on plants
• Mendelian Genetics was discovered by Gregor Johann Mendel
• Gregor Mendel - An Austrian monk who was deemed the father of genetics and proposed the fundamental law of inheritance
• Gregor Mendel experimented on pea plants
• Pea plants (Pisum Sativum) - reproduce quickly, has easily identifiable traits, and were self-pollinating which allowed Mendel to create pure breeding lines of plants with specific traits
• P Generation (Parental Generation): Mendel started with pure-breeding

  parent plants, meaning they always produced offspring with the same

  traits.
• F1 Generation (First Filial Generation): Off-spring from genetic cross of Parental Generations
• F2 Generation (Second Filial Generation): Off-spring of self-pollinating F1 Generation
• Dominant - Allele that masks the trait of another allele, only needs one copy inherited from either parent, appears in heterozygous condition
• Recessive - Allele masked by dominant gene, needs two copies to be represented, appears in homozygous condition
• Law of Allelism - Heterozygous and Homozygous pairs
• Homozygous - Identical gene (RR, rr)
• Heterozygous - Different genes "Heterozygous dominant ___" (Rr, Bb)
• Law of dominance - Gene comes in pairs (Alleles) wherein the dominant gene is loud and the recessive gene is quiet
• Punnett Square - Tool used for genetic crosses. Divided by 4 for Monohybrid cross, divided by 16 for dihybrid cross.
• F1 Generation - Heterozygous
• Genotype - Genetic make up of an organism ( 3 Tt - Heterozygous tall)
• Phenotype - Physical appearance of an organism (Genotype + Environment) (4 - Tall)
• Monohybrid cross - genetic cross involving a single pair of genes ( RR x rr)
• 1st pair is written at the top pf the punnett square, and 2nd pair is written on the sides
• Use FOIL method to know what values to place