Important Concepts

• State


  A political division of a body of people that occupies a territory defined by borders. It is sovereign in its territory and has the authority to enforce a system of rules over the people living inside it and it is internationally recognized.
• Constitution


  It is a set of basic laws that defines the type of the state and how it is governed, focuses on the means of power transition and practices, and discusses the rights and duties of citizens, whether these laws are written in one document or more or unwritten stemming from legal customs.
• Welfare State


  A state that is committed to providing basic economic security for its citizens by protecting them from market risks associated with old age, unemployment, accidents, and sickness.
• Economic Diversification


  The process of shifting an economy away from a single income source toward multiple sources from a growing range of sectors and markets.
• Legislative 


  Examples:

  • Parliaments
  • Shura
  • Congress
• Legislative 


  Responsibilities:

  1. Making laws/regulations/policies
  2. Budgeting approval
  3. Investigation committees and interrogation.
  4. Revies policy implementation by executives.
• Executive


  Example:

  • Rulers
  • Prime Minister
• Executive 


  Responsibilities:

  1. Implementation of rules and policies.
  2. Taking decisions of military and external relations.
• Judicial


  Example:

  • Courts
• Judicial 


  Responsibilities:

  1. Solving disputes
  2. Ensuring that none of the laws violate the constitution's article.
• Welfare Society


  A society that prioritizes the well-being and quality of life of its citizens.
• Soft Power


  The ability to affect others to obtain outcomes one wants through attraction rather than coercion or payment.