SOCIALIZATION AND ENCULTURATION

• Socialization


  Lifelong process of social interaction through which people acquire their identities and necessary survival skills in society
• Enculturation


  The process by which an individual learns or acquires the important aspects of his or her society
• Goals of Socialization


  • Socialization teaches impulse control and helps individuals develop a conscience
  • Socialization teaches individuals how to prepare for and perform certain social roles
  • Socialization cultivates shared sources of meaning and value
• Functions of Socialization


  • Passing of values, customs, and beliefs
  • Grow and develop an individual
  • Social control to conform to the ways of the group
• Stages of Socialization


  • Primary socialization
  • Developmental Socialization
  • Anticipatory Socialization
  • Desocialization
  • Resocialization
• Primary socialization


  The process of learning the basic skills, attitudes, value and social roles for the entry of the individual into human society
• Developmental Socialization


  The stage when the learning is directed towards the enrichment and refinement of already acquired skills, values, attitudes, knowledge and social roles
• Anticipatory Socialization


  The period of acquiring skills, values, attitudes, knowledge of social orientation to a social status and social roles that the person will occupy in the future
• Desocialization


  The compulsory process of discarding or unlearning old habits, values and attitudes in an attempt to change the person's self-concept because it is dysfunctional to the individual and society
• Resocialization


  The process of acquiring new habits, attitudes, beliefs, values, behavior and social roles different from those that the person had in the past to fit into new status or role that he may or may not like to have
• Agents of Socialization


  • Family
  • Peer Group
  • School
  • Workplace
  • Media
  • Religion
• Family


  Considered to be the most important of all agents of socialization. The first social agency an individual encounters
• Peer Group


  The group of friends an individual has, commonly people with the same age and growth level. Reaches highest influence by teenage years
• School


  Considered as a "second home", educates an individual with information and knowledge. Also contributes to the overall attitude of an individual through objectives and goals
• Media


  From the Latin word medium, meaning middle ground. Aims to connect people
• Religion


  Plays a big role in an individual's belief system through spirituality and moral values, therefore contributing to how an individual acts
• George Herbert Mead


  American philosopher prominent in both social psychology and the development of Pragmatism
• George Herbert Mead's theory of self

  • The self develops through social interactions where individuals learn to assume roles and meet the increasing level of complexity of each situation
  • Absence of social interaction, a person may develop as a biological entity
• Feral children


  • Amala and Kamala – known as the wolf children
  • Victor of Aveyron – found in the woods of Aveyron
  • Genie – abused child born to a psychotic father and a blind mother
• "I/Me" duality


  • "I" the thinking, acting and feeling self
  • "ME" the component of the self that is broken down into the Material, Social, and Spiritual
• Four-stage process of the development of the self

  1. Mimicking stage

  2. Play stage

  3. Game Stage

  4. Generalized others
• Identity formation


  The development of an individual's distinct personality
• Master identity


  Gives order to the operation of the other identities individually or collectively
• Self


  The sense of personal identity and of who we are as an individual
• Self-concept


  A general term used to refer to how someone thinks about, evaluates or perceives themselves
• Three self-schema

  • Actual self
  • Ideal self
  • Ought self
• Self-esteem

  How you feel about yourself, belief in oneself