module 5 - planat tissues

• Meristematic tissues - are composed of immature cells undergoing active mitotic division.
• apical meristem - responsible for the primary growth
• lateral meristem - they are responsible for the secondary growth or the increase in girth of woody plants.
• permanent tissues - composed of matured or differentiated cells
• dermal tissues - the surface or protective tissues of the plant body.
• Ground tissues - perform various functions, namely photosynthesis and storage and mechanical support
• parenchyma - ground tissues for storage
• collenchyma sclerenchyma - ground tissues for mechanical support
• vascular tissues - function in conduction and transport of substances throughout the plant body.
• root cap - mass of cells forming a dome-shaped protective structure.
• three primary meristems: protoderm, ground meristem, procambium
• protoderm - gives rise to the epidermis,
• ground meristem - produces cells of the fundamental tissue
• procambium - gives rise to the primary xylem and phloem
• 3 regions in root apica meristem: active cell division, elongation, maturation
• 2 mesophyll layer: palisade, spongy
• bundle sheath - layer of sclerenchyma fibers enclosing the entire vascular bundle.
• collateral - both the xylem and phloem tissues are located along the same radius of the stem,
• bicollateral - xylem tissue is sandwiched between two phloem tissues;
• 2 types of concentric: amphivasal, amphicribral
• amphivasal - xylem surrounds the phloem
• amphicribral - phloem surrounds the xylem.
• vascular bundle

  A) bundle sheath

  B) lacuna

  C) protoxylem

  D) metaxylem

  E) phloem

  
• root cross section

  A) epidermis

  B) cortex

  C) endodermis

  D) xylem

  E) phloem

  
• leaf cross section

  A) mesophyll

  B) upper epidermis

  C) spongy mesophyll

  D) palisade mesophyll

  E) lower epidermis

  
• stem cross section

  A) pith

  B) epidermis

  C) cortex

  D) metaxylem

  E) protoxylem

  F) cambium

  G) phloem