MAPEH REVIEWER

• Asian theater


  • Combines music, drama, and dance
  • No drama without music and dance
  • Traditional arts in Asia are interconnected
• Kabuki theater of Japan


  • High-stylized Japanese dance-drama
  • Known for high drama and elaborate make-up
  • Combines music, dance, mime, stage, and costume
  • Popular among traditional Japanese drama styles
  • Star actors often appear in television or film roles
  • Ka meaning songs
  • Bu meaning dance
  • Ki meaning talent
  • In the 17th century, with the prohibition of women performing due to prostitution, male audiences were attracted to female entertainers
• Elements of Kabuki


  • Dance
  • Costumes
  • Makeup
  • Music
• Musical instruments in Kabuki


  • Hyoshigi: wooden clapper used in ceremonial music to signal performances
  • Hayashi: live performance of shamisen players in kabuki theater
  • Debayashi: onstage music performance in full audience view, divided into nagauta and joruri
  • Hyudorodoro: instruments used to mark ghost appearance
  • Geza: used for special effects
• Noh theater


  • Old form of dance drama at temples or shrines dating back to the 12th-13th century
  • Performing by samurai for prayer for peace and longevity
• Wayang Kulit


  • Long-recorded history in Java and Bali, dating back to 930 A.D.
  • One of Asian drama's most distinctive shadow plays
  • Uses intricately constructed flat puppets
  • Wayang in Javanese, meaning "shadow or imagination" and "spirit"
  • Accompanied by Gamelan in Java and gender in Bali
  • Wayang - Indonesian and Malay word for theater. Also refers to kinds of puppet theater
• Characteristics of Wayang Kulit


  • Performs in royal courts and public on religious occasions
  • The Wayang Kulit puppet theater, dancing, and singing are accompanied by gamelan music
  • Stories derived from Mahabharata
• Elements of Wayang Kulit


  • Performers: Dalang - Puppeteer and conductor, Niyaga: gamelan musicians, Pesinden: female singer with gamelan orchestra
  • Equipment: Gunungan: symbolic scene element, Kelir: cloth screen, Blencong: oil lamp, Gedebok: banana trunk where puppets are arranged, Kotak kayu: wooden chest, Gamelan: music ensemble
  • Performance Elements: Sabetan: puppet movement, Janturan: narrative, Chariyos: story, Ginem: dialogue, Tembang suluk: song mood song, Gending: melody, Gerong: male chorus
• Types of stories popularly used in Wayang Kulit


  • Wayang Stories: Originated from Mahabharata, Islamic tales, and local folklore
  • Legong: Popular in Bali, Indonesia, because of young girls who wear colorful sarongs and flower headdresses
  • Kecak: a Balinese monkey chant, features a dalang narrating a story with lamps, a male chorus producing ("cak-cak") monkey sounds, and the Ramayana is performing pantomime
• Peking Opera


  • Traditional Chinese theater
  • Incorporates music, vocals, mime, dance, acrobatics
  • Anciently performed in open stages, teahouses, and temples
  • Includes orchestra and percussion bands
• Peking Opera music productions


  • Jinghu: Lead melodic instrument for singers, a small, high-pitched, two-string spike fiddle, which is the main accompaniment for singers
  • Yueqin: Second main instrument, Circular-bodied plucked lute
• Traditional Chinese theater


  • Known as jingxi or jingju
  • Refers to the "drama of the capital city"
  • Known as Peking Opera for Americans and Europeans
• Elements of music


  • Rhythm: Defines everything and duration of musical sounds
  • Melody: A series of tones with specific direction and range
  • Harmony: The simultaneous occurrence of musical tones in the vertical structure of music
  • Dynamics: Changes in loudness or softness of a musical sound or passage
  • Texture: Influences the interaction of multiple voices or instruments in a composition
  • Timbre: The distinctive quality of a tone, varying between two tones of the same pitch, duration, and intensity
  • Tempo: Defines time or speed rate. Indicates tempo marks or metronome indications
  • Form: The overall structure or plan of a piece of music
• Kodo Taiko Drum Festival


  • Celebrates traditional Japanese taiko drumming
  • World-renowned taiko drumming group based on Sado Island, Japan
  • Held throughout the year, including Earth Celebration in August
  • Taiko drumming holds cultural significance in Japan
  • Instruments include taiko drums, drumsticks, traditional costumes, and sometimes props like banners and flags
  • The Japanese word "Kodo" could refer to both a "heartbeat" (ko-heart/do-rhythm)
• Thai Lantern Festival


  • Takes place in Loy Krathong, Chiang Mai
  • Gathering of family, lovers, and friends for flower and candle floating
  • Launching of fireworks and lantern release
  • Thai belief: lanterns will dispel bad luck
  • Is celebrated on the full moon of the 12th month traditional Thai lunar calendar, usually in November
  • Two festival: Yi peng and Loy krathong
• Taj Mahal


  Built by Shah Jahan for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal and was completed in 1653 in Agra, India
• Lotus Temple


  Famous because of its towers that have balanced structure. Appears to be majestic because of its marble-white color
• Golden Temple


  Located in Amritsar, India
• Akshardam Temple


  Located in Delhi, India
• Arts of India


  • Architecture
  • Sculpture and carvings
  • Indian paintings
  • Attire
• Sculpture and carvings


  • Most important art in India
  • Primarily used for decoration
  • Famous Buddha figure in Mathura, India
  • The Ganesha statue, plated with gold, symbolizes reverence for life
• Indian paintings


  • Conveys spiritual beliefs and ideas
  • Majority uses scrolls in art
• Indian attire


  • Sari or Saree: Strip of unstitched clothing draped over the dress, Measures 4 to 5 meters in length, Used on formal occasions in India, Traditional Indian women's clothing
  • Dhoti: Man's strip of cloth, Used on formal and informal occasions, Can be worn in fields, offices, or places of worship, Worn around the waist via a belt
  • Turban: Symbol of faith and spirituality, Colors: orange, monochrome ochre, Worn by the Sikh Community
• Basketball


  • Team sport aiming for the basket to shoot the ball
  • Played by two teams of five players
  • Created in December 1891 by James Naismith
  • Introduced at YMCA training school in Springfield, Massachusetts
  • Combines american football, soccer, hockey
• Different skills in basketball


  • Shooting: the act of tossing the ball to score points
  • Dribbling: allows players to move inside the court with the ball
  • Rebounding: the ability to jump with power after an unsuccessful shot
  • Passing: maximizing player involvement in setting up a play
  • Chest pass: passing the ball from the chest level to a teammate
  • Bounce pass: throwing the ball by bouncing to the receiver's side
  • Overhead pass: passing the ball behind the head to a teammate
• Volleyball


  • Invented by William G. Morgan in 1895 in Holyoke Massachusettes as an alternative to basketball
  • Named Mintonette by William G. Morgan and has been changed to Volleyball by Dr. Alfred Halstead
  • Played by two opposing teams of six players each
  • Objective: land the ball into the opponent's court to gain a point
  • The game starts with a service, with each team having three touches
  • The rally point scoring system determines the winning team
  • To win, the team must reach 25 points with a minimum two-point lead in three out of five sets
  • If tied, the game continues until a two-point lead is achieved
• Parts of volleyball court


  • Center line: Divides volleyball court into 9-meter-wide spaces
  • Attack line: Divides each team's court into two spaces, with the front part measuring 3 meters
  • Back zone: Second partition from attack line to end line, positioned for backrow players
  • Service zone: End part of the volleyball court, 9 meters wide
• Volleyball net and post


  • Vertical posts tied to the center line
  • Attached two antennas, 9 meters apart, 80 cm each
  • Net height: 2.43 m
• Volleyball


  Game created by William G. Morgan and changed by Dr. Alfred Halstead
• Volleyball


  • Played by two opposing teams of six players each
  • Objective is to land the ball into the opponent's court to gain a point
  • The game starts with a service, with each team having three touches
  • The rally point scoring system determines the winning team
  • To win, the team must reach 25 points with a minimum two-point lead in three out of five sets
  • If tied, the game continues until a two-point lead is achieved
• Parts of the volleyball court

  1. Center line: Divides volleyball court into 9-meter-wide spaces

  2. Attack line: Divides each team's court into two spaces, with the front part measuring 3 meters

  3. Back zone: Second partition from attack line to end line, positioned for backrow players

  4. Service zone: End part of the volleyball court, 9 meters wide
• Volleyball ball


  • Made of flexible leather
  • The inside bladder is rubber
  • Spherical shape with a diameter of 20.7-21.3cm
  • Circumference of 65-67cm
  • Weight: 260-280g
• Health-related fitness components


  • Cardiorespiratory Endurance
  • Muscular Strength
  • Muscular Endurance
  • Flexibility
  • Body composition
• Cardiorespiratory Endurance


  The ability of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to work together to efficiently deliver nutrients and oxygen to muscles, allowing for extended body waste removal
• Muscular Strength


  The maximum force that the working muscles can apply simultaneously
• Muscular Endurance


  A muscle's ability to work overtime in a specific activity against an opposing force
• Flexibility


  The ability of muscle fibers, tendons, and joints to extend in a full span of motion
• Body composition


  Body fats, measured in relation to lean mass, can improve health by detecting obesity and preventing complications. Physical activities help control weight and prevent fat accumulation.
• Skill-related fitness components


  • Agility
  • Balance
  • Power
  • Speed
  • Coordination
  • Reaction Time
• Agility


  Rapid position and direction transfer, like hitting a shuttlecock in badminton, involves maintaining constant movement and speed