section 1

• automation


  the use of largely automatic equipment in a system of manufacturing or other production process.
• CAD

  Computer Aided Design
• CAM

  Computer Aided Manufacturing
• CAT

  Computer Aided Testing
• prototype

  an original model on which later versions are patterned
• Rapid Prototyping

  Allows designers to generate parts quickly, directly from 3D models, for mockup and testing.
• Efficient Working

  Organising a workplace so that time is not wasted and manufacturing flows easily
• enterprise

  turning an idea into a business proposal
• patent

  (n.) exclusive rights over an invention; copyright; (v.) to arrange or obtain such rights; (adj.) plain, open to view; copyrighted
• Crowdfunding

  raising money for a project or venture by obtaining many small amounts of money from many people
• virtual marketing

  using social media, websites and email to promote a product or idea
• cooperatives (co-ops)

  Organisations composed of individuals or small businesses that have banded together to start a business. These are normally made up of local communities
• Fairtrade

  Better prices, working conditions and fair terms of trade for farmers in less economically developed countries.
• Sustainability

  The use of Earth's renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future.
• finite resources

  Natural resources that can be worn out (all used up) and cannot be replaced. (i.e. coal)
• Non-finite resources

  Resources in abundant supply
• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

  A technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life, i.e., from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling. While typically used to assess environmental impacts, this technique could be used to identify social impacts of a product's life cycle as well.

  
• waste disposal

  Getting rid of waste
• continuous improvement

  a commitment to constantly make things better one step at a time
• pollution

  Release of harmful materials into the environment
• global warming

  An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes)
• carbon offsetting

  carrying out projects to reduce carbon emissions, to balance out the production of greenhouse gases
• Global Manufacturing

  the production of goods for sale in countries outside the home market of the organisation
• Technology push

  How advancements in technology are used to produce new products.
• Market Pull

  How consumer demand leads to product development.
• Culture

  Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.
• society

  A community of people who share a common culture
• Inclusive design

  Designs that are accessible by all members of society.
• Exclusive design

  Designs that are accessible only by particular members of society
• planned obsolescence

  the strategy of deliberately designing products to fail in order to shorten the time between purchases