ha midterm

• microcephaly - an abnormally small head
• acromegaly - the skull and facial bones are thicker and larger than usual
• hydrocephalus - abnormal increase in head size in young child
• bulging fontanelle - can be a sign of intracranial pressure (butmay be normal if infant is crying)
• sunken fontanelle - can indicate dehydration
• temporal arteritis - Inflammation of the temporal arteries thatmay lead to blindness
• fast definitions

  f - fast

  a - arm

  s - speech

  t - time
• goiter - a swelling (hypertrophy) of a gland in theneck called the thyroid gland
• jugular vein ditention - an indicator of excessive fluid volume(increased preload), not decreased fluidvolume
• PRE-AURICULAR NODES - Lightly palpate in front of the ears
• POST-AURICULAR NODES - Lightly palpate behind the ears
• OCCIPITAL NODES - Lightly palpate at the back of the head at thebase of the skull
• TONSILLAR NODES - Lightly palpate at the back of the head at thebase of the skull
• SUBMANDIBULAR - palpate under the mandible
• SUBMENTAL NODES - Lightly palpate under the tip of the chin
• SUPERFICIAL CERVICAL NODES - Lightly palpate the upper portion of thesternocleidomastoid muscle
• POSTERIOR CERVICAL NODES - Lightly palpate in the posterior triangle behindthe sternocleidomastoid muscle
• INFRACLAVICULAR NODES - Lightly palpate below the clavicle
• SUPRACLAVICULAR NODES - Lightly palpate above the clavicle
• DEEP CERVICAL NODES - Palpate the sternocleidomastoid muscle
• HARD PALATE - The front, bony part of the roof of the mouth.
• SOFT PALATE- forms partition between the mouth and nasopharynxand is made of muscle arranged in an arch
• UVULA- suspended from the soft palate arch and closed thenasopharynx while swallowing
• TONGUE- Is a solid mass of skeletal muscle covered by a mucousmembrane- extremely maneuverable- important for mastication and deglutition- lingual frenulum anchors the tongue to the floor of themonth
• SALIVARY GLANDS- Secrete approximately 1 liter of saliva each day
• types of salivary glands

  • buccal glands
  • parotid glands
  • submandibular glands
  • sublingual glands
• Buccal glands - contribute less than 5% of total salivaryvolume but provide for hygiene andcomfort of oral tissues
• parotid glands - largest of the paired salivary glands and produce watery saliva containing enzymes
• Submandibular glands - contain enzyme and mucous-producingelements
• Sublingual glands - are the smallest of the salivary glands and produce a mucous type of saliva
• TEETH - Organ of mastication
• Angular cheilitis - starts with softening of the skin at the angles of the mouth, followed by fissuring. It maybe due to nutritional deficiency or, more commonly, to overclosure of the mouth, seen in people with no teeth or with ill-fitting dentures.
• ACTINIC CHEILITIS - results from excessive exposure to sunlight andaffects primarily the lower lip. Fair-skinned men whowork outdoors are most often affected
• CHANCRE - Oval or round dark red lesion or papule on induratedbase
• ANGIOEDEMA - is self-limited, localized subcutaneous (orsubmucosal) swelling, which results fromextravasation of fluid into interstitial tissues.Angioedema may occur in isolation, accompanied byurticaria, or as a component of anaphylaxis.
• HERPES SIMPLEX - A common viral infection that presents with localisedblistering. It affects most people on one or moreoccasions during their lives.
• DENTAL CARIES - Another name for tooth decay
• MOTTLED ENAMEL - a condition in which the enamel of the teethappears a flat, opaque white, may be stainedyellow, brown or black, and in addition mayhave a corroded surface
• GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA - is gingival enlargement. Usually, painlessenlargement of the gingiva more commonlylocated in the anterior and buccal regions of themouth.
• GUM RECESSION - When the location of the marginal tissue is apicalto the cemento-enamel junction with exposure ofthe root surface