Definitions

• Program?


  A list of instructions that does a specific task which can be written in l-l-l(Low-level-language)or h-l-l (High-level-language)
• Pseudocode?


  Method that uses English words and mathematical notations to design the program steps
• FlowCharts?


  Diagram that designs the steps of a program by using a standard set of symbols joined by lines to show the direction of flow
• Trace Table?


  A table that's used to record the results of each step in an algorithm each time it changes
• Variable?


  Named data store that contains a value that can change during the execution of a program
• Constant?


  Named data store that contains a value that doesn't change during the execution of a program
• Comments?


  Blocks of text in the pseudocode that aren't executed used to explain the code
• What are the features of a maintainable program?

  Use of comments <- To annotate each section of a program so that a programmer can find specific sections easily

  Functions and procedures <- To make programs easier to update and adds functionality

  Meaningful identifiers <- To enable easy tracking of a variable and to make the programmer easy recognize the purpose of a variable
• Components after decomposition ?

  1. Inputs
  2. Outputs
  3. Storage
  4. Processes
• Representing a program?

  1. Pseudocode
  2. Structure diagrams
  3. Flowcharts
• Development life-cycle

  1. Analysis
  2. Design
  3. Coding
  4. Testing
• Sequential statements?

  Statements executed one after another according to their order
• Conditional statements?

  Selective statements are executed depending on meeting certain criteria to allow different paths through a program

  1. If
  2. Case of
• Iterative statements?

  One or more statements are repeated till a test condition is met to repeat same code several times which allows for shorter code

  1. For
  2. While
  3. Repeat
• Differences between While and repeat?

  Criteria <- While: Pre-tested

  <- Repeat: Post-tested

  Running <- While: May never run

  <- Repeat: must run at least once

  Iterations <- While: Whilst a condition is TRUE

  <- Repeat: till a condition is TRUE
• Array?

  A data structure that holds several elements of the same data type to store multiple values under the same identifier making the code shorter
• 1D array?

  A list of items of the same data type stored under a single name with a single index to identify each element
• 2D arrays?

  A table-like collection of items of the same data type , it has rows and columns stored under a single name with two indexes to identify each element
• Top-Down design?

  Breaking down of a computer system into a set of subsystems and then breaking each subsystem into set of smaller ones until each sub system performs a single action
• Structure diagrams?

  A diagram that shows the design of a computer system in a hierarchal way and to provide an overview of how a problem is broken down