CAL MIDTERMS

• Philosophy comes from two Greek words: philo that means love; and sofia means wisdom.
• Philosophy means “love of wisdom”.
• Pythagoras gave this meaning of Philosophy
• Cosmology or Philosophy of Nature - study of material beings or the non-living universe
• Epistemology - study of certainty and validity of human knowledge.
• Ethics - deals with human acts and morality
• Logic - the science of correct thinking
• Ontology - study of beings and the different reasons and principles of reality.
• Rational Psychology - study of living things and the principles of life, the nature of vital operations.
• Theodicy or Natural Theology - study of god, contingent of emergent reality.
• Ancient Period - Emphasis the notion of cosmos or the order of the universe.
• The Middle ages preserved the ancient structure of the cosmos.
• Renaissance Period - Man was removed from the ascendancy exercised over him by either cosmic discipline or divine authority.
• 16th to 17th centuries - This era started a reflection that centered on man, exploring his different aspects in a spirit of empirical investigation, freed from all ties dogma.
• 16th to 17th centuries - This era started a reflection that centered on man, exploring his different aspects in a spirit of empirical investigation, freed from all ties dogma.
• 18th Century enlightenment Accumulated new data about man by relating with the values that constitute the human consciousness
• 19th Century ● Specialist in these sciences became more restricted and specialized in their outlook.
• Present age is characterized by the prevalence of phenomenology and existentialism.
• Empiricism - all knowledge is based on experience that is information received through senses
• Enlightenment - sought to replace conventional authoritarian beliefs with rational scientific injury
• Existentialism - rejects metaphysics and concentrates on the individual's existence in the world. Proclaims man’s freedom.
• Neo-Platonist - eternal world of order, goodness, and beauty of which material existence is a weak.
• Neo-Platonist - eternal world of order, goodness, and beauty of which material existence is a weak.
• Phenomenology - study of all possible appearances in human experiences
• Rationalism - exercise the reason rather than the acceptance of empiricism, authority, or spiritual revelation.
• Sophist - a member of a pre-socratic school of philosophy in Ancient greece.
• Evolution is the gradual and continuous process by which the first and most primitive of living organisms have d
• Lamarck published the first theory of revolution.
• Charles Darwin originated the concept of living things evolved by means of natural selection.
• “The Phenomenon of Man” Pierre Teilhard de Chardin tried to reconcile christian theology with the scientific theory of evolution.
• Evolutionary approach consists of four parts

  1. Pre-life.
  2. Life.
  3. Thought.
  4. Superlife
• re-life. The proliferation of substances in the universe, energy and matter, and the uncultured earth.
• Life - Covers the appearances of life, its growth and intricacies.
• Thought - The beginning of thought and different stages toward the existence of man and the modern world.
• Superlife - Spirit of the earth, emerging of the person with the Omega point and man and ultimate earth.
• Anthropologist - studies the origin of man, and his physical, social and cultural development and behavior.
• Biologist - trained in, or specializes in biology.
• Botanist - specializes in the study of plants.
• Naturalist - versed in natural history, especially in zoology or botany.
• Paleontologist - studies fossils and ancient life forms.