Sikolohiyang Pilipino (midterm)

• 4 Concepts and Theories of Development of Indigenous

  Rethinking Filipino Values, Indirect Communication, Internality-Externality, The Great Cultural Divide
• He encouraged Filipino scholars to take a second look at these values using a Filipino orientation

  Enriquez
• Enriquez, together with the PPRH, developed the

  Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP) [Measure of Character and Personality] in 1975
• A Filipino Cultural Value that has no exact english translation

  Bahala na
• The first psychologist to analyze this filipino cultural value ( bahala na) by comparing it to American fatalism.'The Filipino attitude that makes him accept sufferings and problems, leaving everything to God. ‘Bahala na ang Diyos (God will take care of us)’.

  Bostron
• The Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective interprets bahala na differently. Lagmay (1977) explained that bahala na is not “fatalism” but

  “determination and risk-taking”.
• Sibley (1965) an American Scholar translated it as ‘‘the uncomfortable feeling that accompanies awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position, or performing a socially unacceptable action.’’

  hiya
• He alerted us to the different meanings of the word hiya depending on its form – nakakahiya (embarrassing), napahiya (placed in an awkward position), ikinahiya (be embarrassed with someone), etc.With some affixes, it becomes negative - napahiya; with others positive -mahiyain (shy); it can either be positive or negative depending on the context, e.g., kahihiyan (sense of propriety, or embarrassment).

  Bonifacio (1976)
• After all is said and done, the more appropriate translation of hiya in English is not ‘‘shame’’ but


  "sense of propriety"
• was translated by Kaut (1961) as ‘‘debt of gratitude’’.Andres (1994, pp. 190–191) defined it, following Kaut’s logic, as ‘‘the principle of reciprocity incurred when an individual helps another. The person helped then feels an obligation to repay the debt in the future when the helper himself is in need of aid, or he may repay his debt by sending gifts. It is often not clear when a debt has been fully paid, so that the relationship becomes an ongoing one.’’


  Utang na loob
• But looking at utang na loob more closely in the context of Filipino culture, it actually means ‘‘gratitude/solidarity’’. It is not necessarily a burden as the word ‘‘debt’’ connotes, because in the Filipino pattern of interpersonal relations,


  'there is always an opportunity to return a favor.'
• was identified by Lynch (1961, 1973) as a Filipino value, giving it the English translation of maintaining ‘‘smooth interpersonal relations’’ by going along with the group or the majority decision, i.e., conformity.

  Pakikisama
• The core of Filipino social psychology, and which is at the heart of the structure of Filipino values. Enriquez (1978, 1994) discovered that it is not maintaining smooth interpersonal relationships that Filipinos are most concerned with, but ___ which means treating the other person as fellow human being.



  Pakikipagkapwa
• 2 categories of kapwa:

  'ibang tao' (outsider), 'hindi ibang tao' (one of us)
• transaction/civility with


  pakikitungo
• interaction with


  pakikisalamuha
• pagsang-ayon sa gawa, salita at kilos ng isang tao na ang layunin ay maaaring taos (joining/participating)

  pakikilahok
• in-conformity with/inaccord with


  pakikibagay
• being along with

  pakikisama
• nagpapahiwatig dito ang isang tao ng panatag na kalooban sa kanyang kapwa (being in-rapport/understanding/ acceptance with)

  pakikipagpalayagang-loob
• getting involved


  pakikisangkot
• being one with

  pakikiisa
• ginagamit dito ay damdamin at mga mata (shared inner perception)

  pakikiramdam
• shared humanity’


  kagandahang loob
• Another aspect of Filipino personality that was given attention by the Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective is the propensity for

  Indirect communication
• methods which are not imported nor invented, but are natural or existing patterns of behavior (not methods), discovered and developed as research methods. (Santiago & Enriquez, 1976).

  Indigenous Research Method
• The impact of Sikolohiyang Pilipino was greatly felt in the area of

  Social Research Method
• a postgraduate student of psychology at U.P., did a study on pagkalalaki (no equivalent in English, but approximately, it means ‘‘masculinity’’, ‘‘maleness’’, ‘‘manhood’’, or all of these) for a class under Enriquez.

  Carmen Santiago
• Clearly stands out as one of the first instruments that are culturally sensitive in its assessment of the Filipino personality

  -Panukat ng Pagkataong Pilipino (PPP) - 16 dimensions - Pagkaresponsable [responsibility] - Pagkamalikhain [creativity] - Pagkamasikap [achievement orientation] - Pagkamapagsapalaran [risk taking] - 200-item inventory
• Ang pagkalalake sa nayon ay binubuo ng tatlong kaurian:

  -Mga katangiang panlalake - Kakayahan sa pagganap ng tungkulin o inaasahan sa lipunan - Mga kilos at ugaling sekswal
• pagtingin-tingin sa tao, sa kanyang mga kilos at karaniwang ginagawa (repeating observation several times and finding whether same conclusion emerge)

  Pagmamasid
• dito nagsisimula ang isang pakikipagusap sa isang tao, ang paksa ay mababaw lamang

  pagtatanung-tanong
• ANG PAGTATANONG: Katangian (7 konsepto)


  1.Layunin 2. Mga katangian ng nagtatanung-tanong 3. Pook 4. Pagkakataon 5. Panahon 6. Mga taong pagtatanungan 7. Pamamaraan
• Tanungin kung mayroon pa siayng idaragdag - “Maraming salamat po…” - Magbigay ng pagkain o pabuya - Share the conclusion

  Pagbubuod
• Dalawang Modelo ng Katutubong Pamamaraan ng Pananaliksik

  Iskala ng Mananaliksik , Iskala ng Patutunguhan ng Mananaliksik at Kalahok
• Metodong ginagamit ng isang mananaliksik sa sikolohiya sa pagtatarok ng diwa ng Kalahok 


  Iskala ng Mananaliksik
• Mga metodong ginagamit ng isang mananaliksik sa kanyang pag-aaral ng diwang Pilipino sa pamamagitan ng mga kalahok. 


  Iskala ng Patutunguhan ng Mananaliksik at Kalahok
• means groping (field method) - searching, probing into an unsystematized mass of social and cultural data to be able to obtain order, meaning, and directions for research. 


  PAKAPA-KAPA
• An occasion for exchange of information, ideas, insights, and opinions also it is a sharing of beliefs, thoughts, and experiences


  Pakikipag-kuwentuhan
• Oral


  Pasalita