PE 4th SEMI FINALS

• ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS


  According to School Disaster Risk Reduction and management Manual Booklet 1 of DepEd, "hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, condition, substance, or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption, loss of livelihoods and services, or environmental damages.
• Robert Ernst (2003)


  Emphasize that "most of us know that when we are outdoors, exposure to the mix of heat, humidity, and sun can lead to serious heat-related illnesses. But other problems can occur from sunburns to insect bites and stings."
• Robert (2003), enumerates guidelines when assessing environmental hazard, you need to look at the ff.

  Location and Terrain

  Season/Climate

  Not sure: Equipment and Transportation
• Location and Terrain


  contribute to the hazardous conditions when staying and walking into the site.
• Terrain


  defined a s the specific physical features of an area of land.
• Environmental hazards that depends on your location & terrain:

  - uneven surfaces, wet grass, mud

  - holes in the grounds can cause trips

  - rocky trails

  - exposed ledges

  - darkness

  - poison ivy, leeches, bee sting, and snake bites
• Season/ Climate


  keep an eye on the current and predicted weather conditions
• Season/ Climate


  Know the signs for approaching storms or changing weather conditions. Some areas are susceptible to certain types of severe storms.
• Weather Hazards includes:


  - Lightning and Thunderstorms

  - Flooding and Flash Flooding

  - Strong winds and tornadoes

  - Freezing rain and hail. and

  - Being exposed to sun
• Equipment and Transportation


  Keep your equipment in good condition. Inspect them before your trip. Do not wait until you are at the trail-head.
• Equipment and Transportation


  Beyond the activity, the equipment and driving transportation are also considered environmental hazards.
• Equipment


  - Broken stove

  - Improper clothing

  - Inoperative equipment
• Transportation


  - Bad road conditions

  - Darkness

  - Unfamiliar/ difficulty roads

  - Other erratic drivers

  - Pedestrians/ Cyclists
• Essential Equipment for Mountaineering

  - Navigation

  - Headlamp

  - Sun Protections

  - Knife/ Swiss Pocket Knife
• Essential Equipment for Mountaineering: Navigation

  Today's mountaineer carries 5 essential navigation: map, altimeter, compass, GPS device,, and personal locator beacon (PLB)
• Essential Equipment for Mountaineering: Headlamp


  Are the flashlight of choice, freeing hands for anything from cooking to climbing. Each member should carry a headlamp if the party plans to return before dark.
• Essential Equipment for Mountaineering: Sun Protection


  Includes carrying and wearing sunglasses, sun protective clothes, and broad spectrum sunscreen rated at least 30 spf.
• Essential Equipment for Mountaineering: Knife/ Swiss Pocket Knife


  Useful for first aid, food preparation, repairs, and climbing, therefore, everyone in the group should carry one.
• Essential Equipment for Mountaineering: Fire

  Most climbers carry a disposable butane lighter or two instead of matches.
• Other

  Essential Equipment for Mountaineering includes:

  - Shelter

  - Extra Water

  - Extra Food

  - Extra Clothes
• Commonly Used Life-Causing Equipment in Aquatic Activities, includes:


  - Lifejackets

  - Safety Helmets

  - Safety Harnesses

  - Life Buoys
• Lifejackets


  help to the person wearing them from drowning, important to always wear a life jacket through water actvities.
• Safety Helmets


  Used mostly for water sports involving a higher risk factor like water skiing and kayaking activities, but it is important to use them whenever required.
• Safety Harnesses


  They should be tied tightly enough to allow free movement in the boat or on deck, but not so loose that the person may fall overboard, leading to a lot of injuries.
• Life Buoys


  Ring-like floatation devices that prevent people from drowning.
• Distress Signals


  Include light-emitting beacons and flares that are important to gain the attention of passers-by for help during an emergency.

  - Radio

  - Weather Gauge

  - Personal locator
• Hazard


  anything that has the potential to cause harm, such as a chemical, machinery, or biological agent.
• Risk


  refers to the probability or likelihood that harm will occur as a result of exposure to a hazard.
• Managing Risk


  According to Parkin and Blades (1998), "Managing risk in outdoor education hinges on the reduction of the degree of real risk to a level considered acceptable to everyday exposure"
• Parkin and Blades (1998), identify the three (3) MAIN STEPS TO THE MANAGEMENT OF RISK IN ANY OUTDOOR EDUCATION PROGRAM:

  1. Risk Identification

  2. Risk Assessment

  3. Risk Reduction
• Risk Identification


  primarily involves the identification of the dangers on hazards that can give risk and thereby causing an accident.
• Risk Assessment


  degree of risk and the probability of an incident occurring relates to the assessment of risk.
• Risk Reduction


  implement a range of strategies that will minimize risks to an acceptable level in an attempt to prevent incidents from occurring.
• Essential Tips for the Outdoor Safety

  The most effective way to prevent mishaps is to adequately prepare for the trip. Knowledge of the area, weather, terrain, and limitations of your body, plus a little common sense can help to ensure a safe and enjoyable trip.
• Why is it Important for us to Know How to Manage the Risk During Outddor Activities?

  "A risk management plan enables you to identify those potential risks and take steps to prevent the problems. You also gain a better sense of how to control the outdoor environment that is naturally difficult to control due to nature and weather elements."