CNF

• Scene

  ● a particular place or setting

  ● a continuous sequence of actions

  ● a representation of a certain event or incident

  happening in a particular time and place
• Dialogue

  • a conversation or exchange of spoken words between two or more characters

  ● may either be direct or indirect
• direct dialogue

  ○ two or more people are shown to be actually

  speaking

  ○ quotation marks are used to signal their speech
• indirect dialogue

  ○ summarized conversation

  ○ quotation marks are not used
• Dialogues in literature may be signaled using:

  ○ quotation marks

  ○ line breaks

  ○ dialogue tags
• Scenes and Dialogues in Nonfiction

  Scenes

  ● building blocks of creative nonfiction

  ● build a whole picture about the topic being presented as accurately as possible
• Show (instead of tell) the subjects, places, or

  personalities in action using sensory details

  ● describe people’s facial expressions, gestures, and

  other actions
• To writing engaging yet truthful scenes, vigorous research about the work’s topic or subject is expected.
• Dialogues

  ● may come from sources such as interviews, media

  recordings, court transcripts, correspondences, etc.

  ● may also be drawn from personal recollection of

  conversations
• Actual Dialogue

  ○ what is written in the text is exactly the same

  with what has been said in real life
• Representative Dialogue

  ○ what is written in the text is not exactly the same

  as what has been said, but a good summary or

  representation
• Writers may add disclaimers by using expressions.
• Creating tension and anticipation in your narratives keep readers’ interest.
• Writers help readers get to know characters better by

  showing:

  ● their actions.

  ● how they treat others.

  ● mannerisms and routines.

  ● their words.
• Point of View

  ● the perspective from which the story is told
• Three main types of POV:

  ○ first person

  ○ second person

  ○ third person
• First-person point of view

  ● The narrator is a character directly involved in the

  story.

  ● This uses the pronoun I or we.
• Second-person point of view

  ● The text addresses the readers by using the pronoun you.

  ● The readers become the main characters and experience the events in the text.
• Third-person point of view

  ● The narrator telling the story is outside the events or actions happening.

  ● This uses the third person pronouns he, she, or they.
• Third-person Limited point of view

  ○ This is most commonly used in fiction writing.

  ○ This presents a narrator that does not have complete access to the thoughts and experiences of the characters in the story.
• Third-person Omniscient point of view

  ○ This features a narrator that is all-knowing.

  ○ The narrator has complete access to the thoughts and experiences of all the characters in the story.
• Importance of Point of View

  • Different types of points of view create different levels

  of connection between the text and the reader.

  ● The author must choose the one that fits best according

  to his or her message and purpose.
• Narrative Structure

  • the writer’s manner of sequencing and telling the elements and events involved in a story or the ideas that are presented in a text
• Types of Narrative Structure: Chronological Structure

  ● The writer follows the natural sequence of events in

  relation to time.

  ● This is also sometimes called the linear structure.
• Types of Narrative Structure: Fractured Structure

  ● The writer does not follow the chronological order

  of events.

  ● The narration jumps to certain points in the story’s

  timeline.

  ● This could be done by repeatedly using flashbacks

  or flashforwards, or by narrating the story from the

  perspective of different characters.
• Types of Narrative Structure: Circular Structure

  ● The text ends where it begins.

  ● The middle of the narrative includes

  transformations of characters or series of events

  that leads to where the readers see them at the

  beginning and end of the story.
• Types of Narrative Structures: Parallel Structure

  ● This includes multiple storylines or separate

  narratives converged in the text.

  ● The narratives are tied together using events,

  characters, or themes.
• Types of Narrative Structures: Interactive Structure

  ● This allows the readers to choose what happens

  next in the narrative.

  ● The narrative leads to several alternative outcomes

  or endings.

  ● This typically uses the second-person point of view.