AP2- HISTORY

Subdecks (1)

Cards (51)

  • Elizabeth's religious settlement
    A compromise to end religious conflict and instability in England during the Reformation
  • Elizabeth's goals
    • Make England Protestant
    • End religious conflict and instability
  • Elizabeth did not agree with the extreme Protestantism of the Puritans who might challenge her authority
  • Elizabeth knew England needed to follow the monarch's religion (Protestant Church of England) for stability
  • Elizabeth's religious settlement
    1. Act of Supremacy
    2. Act of Uniformity
    3. Royal Injunctions
    4. Ecclesiastical Commission
  • Act of Supremacy
    Confirmed Elizabeth as head of the Church of England, clergy had to swear allegiance
  • Act of Uniformity
    Established appearance of churches and services, included some Protestant and some traditional/Catholic features
  • Royal Injunctions
    Instructions issued by Sir William Cecil to clergy to reinforce Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity
  • Ecclesiastical Commission

    Established to ensure clergy disciplined in applying terms of the settlement, could punish disloyal clergy
  • Book of Common Prayer
    New prayer book, wording deliberately vague to allow both Protestant and Catholic interpretations
  • Priests still wore vestments, a traditional/Catholic feature
  • Attendance at church each Sunday and holy days was compulsory, with fines for non-attendance
  • Fines were a serious deterrent for the poor, but the wealthy nobility could easily afford them</b>
  • Royal Injunctions
    1. Clergy to teach congregation about Act of Supremacy
    2. Church refusers reported to Privy Council
    3. Each parish to have English Bible
    4. All preachers needed government license
    5. Pilgrimages and fake miracles banned
    6. Vestments still to be worn by clergy
  • Some local communities took pride in church decorations, which were allowed to remain
  • Puritans were unhappy with the traditional/Catholic features retained in the settlement
  • Features of a Catholic church
    • Elaborate altar
    • Wall paintings
    • Rood screen
  • Features of a Protestant church
    • Pulpit
    • English Bible
    • Vicar in vestments
    • Simple altar
    • Royal coat of arms
    • Lord's Prayer and Ten Commandments
    • Plain walls
  • There was significant variation in how strictly the Act of Uniformity was followed in different churches
  • Recusant Catholics
    Catholics who would not attend Church of England services and often paid the fine
  • In some areas, there was violent Protestant enthusiasm celebrating the changes
  • In London, some Catholic statues and ornaments were defaced in churches
  • Role of the Church of England
    • Judged on moral issues through Church courts
    • Granted licenses to priests to control preaching
    • Offered guidance to communities in times of need
    • Legitimized and supported the power of the monarch as head of the church
    • Enforced the religious settlement
  • Enforcing the religious settlement
    1. Visitations and inspections to ensure clergy took oath of supremacy and followed settlement terms
    2. Monitored professional licenses like doctors, teachers, midwives
  • Many of the inspectors were more radical Protestants who went beyond Elizabeth's wishes in enforcing the settlement
  • The religious settlement failed to attract the Puritans and marginalized devout Catholics, encouraging opposition and non-conformity
  • The religious settlement largely succeeded in establishing a broadly based national church that excluded as few people as possible
  • Elizabeth
    Child of Henry the eighth and Amber Lynn, half-sister to Mary
  • Mary hated Elizabeth

    Because Elizabeth was the reason Mary had been barred from the succession and her mother had fallen from grace
  • Elizabeth entered London with Mary's procession after the collapse of Northumberland's coup with the devise of the succession in 1553
  • Elizabeth was suspected of being involved in the 1554 Wyatt's rebellion and she was imprisoned in the tower although Nerlens was found so she got away with her life
  • Elizabeth's religious policy

    1. Reinstated the Protestant Church which Mary had abolished
    2. Act of Supremacy made Elizabeth Supreme Governor of the church
    3. Act of Uniformity reintroduced the 1553 edition of the English Book of Common Prayer with a few tweaks to make it more ambiguous towards Catholic
  • When Elizabeth came to the throne pretty much all of England outside the southeast was Catholic
  • Elizabeth's motto

    Video et taceo - I see everything but say nothing
  • Catholic threats increased during Elizabeth's reign
    Especially with her cousin Mary Queen of Scots who was a rival claimant to the throne
  • Stricter anti-catholic laws
    Passed in Parliament from the 1570s onwards
  • There were also hardline Protestants who were Puritans and Presbyterians who also wanted more religious reform but Elizabeth essentially stayed fairly neutral and even targeted them during her reign
  • Elizabeth started off as an ally to Spain
    But her aid to the Dutch rebels fighting the Spanish in the Netherlands annoyed the Spanish a lot
  • The Spanish got involved in the Ridolfi plot in 1571
    To have Elizabeth killed, which soured relations
  • Elizabeth's foreign policy
    1. Supported the Dutch in covert manners
    2. Sent Sir Francis Drake to annoy Spanish shipping
    3. Signed the Treaty of Nonsuch with the Dutch sending the Earl of Leicester and 15,000 English troops to help fight the Spanish
    4. The Spanish Armada was defeated in 1588