BOTANY MOVING EXAM

• prop roots


  Keep the plant upright

  
• aerial roots


  obtain water from the air

  
• pheumatophores


  Facilitate oxygen uptake

  
• contractile roots


  Pull plant deeper into soil

  
• parasitic roots


  penetrate host plants

  
• food storage roots


  store carbohydrates

  
• Water storage roots


  weigh 50 kg or more

  
• Buttress storage


  Provide considerable stability

  
• Node


  Point of attachment of leaf to stem

  
• internode


  Area of stem between two nodes

  
• Blade


  Flattened part of leaf

  
• Petiole


  Stalk of leaf

  
• Axil


  Angle between petiole/blade and stem

  
• Axillary bud


  develops into branches with leaves or may form flowers

  
• Terminal bud


  Extends the shoot system during the growing season

  
• Lenticels


  Cork cambium produces unsuberized cells that permit gas exchange to continue

  
• Bulbs


  swollen underground stems, consisting of fleshy leaves

  
• Corms


  superficially resemble bulbs, but have no fleshy leaves

  
• Rhizomes


  Horizontal underground stems consisting of fleshy leaves

  
• runners and stolons


  horizontal stems with long internodes that grow along the surface of the ground

  
• Tubers


  swollen tips of rhizomes that contain carbohydrates

  
• Tendrils


  twine around supports and aid in climbing

  
• Cladophylls


  flattened photosynthetic stems resembling leaves

  
• floral leaves (bracts)


  surround true flowers and behave as showy petals

  
• spines


  reduce water loss and may deter predators

  
• Reproductive leaves


  plantlets capable of growing independently into full-sized plant

  
• Window leaves


  succulent, cone-shaped leaves that allow photosynthesis underground

  
• Shade leaves


  larger in surface area but with less mesophyll than sun-lit leaves

  
• insectivorous leaves


  Trap insects (ex. pitcher plants, sundews, venus flytraps)

  
• tissue parenchyma


  cell parenchyma

  function: food storage (sugar, starch, oil)

  alive at maturity

  
• tissue xylem


  vessel cell, tracheid cell

  function: transport water from roots to leaves for photosynthesis

  dead at maturity

  
• alternate arrangement

  
• sudan 4


  stains oil

  
• 1. Catkin - a spike with a long and pendulous axis; bears unisexual flowers only. (Ex. Buntot ng pusa (Acalypha hispida)

  
• 1. Raceme - elongated axis; bears a number of flowers which are all stalked, the lower flowers having longer stalks than the upper (Ex.

  Cassia, Caesalpinia, Aloe)

  
• Berry - a fruit formed from a compound ovary with few to many seeds. The entire pericarp is fleshy (Ex. Grape, tomato, kiwi and lansones)

  
• 1. Pepo - a type of fleshy fruit with a thick, hard rind. (Examples: cucumber, watermelon and squash

  
• 1. Pome - a fruit formed from a compound ovary inwhich the receptacle becomes thick and fleshy. The endocarp around the seeds is papery and leathery. (Examples: apple and pear)

  
• 1. Hesperidium - a berry-like fruit covered with a thick, leathery skin containing oil and locules filled with fleshy outgrowths containing juice. (Examples: all citrus fruits such as lemon, orange, and lime)

  
• 1. Drupe - a simple fleshy fruit with a single seed enclosed by a hard, stony endocarp. It usually develops from a superior ovary containing a single ovule. (Examples : coconut, almond, mango, sineguelas)