BIO 2

• Circulatory system

  Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and takes away wastes
• Heart

  • Pumps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood on different sides

  
• Types of blood vessels

  • Arteries
  • Capillaries
  • Veins
• Blood

  • Red, the shade can vary based on how much oxygen they have
  • Maintains a certain pH, temperature, osmotic pressure, which are important for homeostasis
  • Transports hormones, nutrients, gases
• Red blood cells


  • Carry oxygen, transports gases
  • Have an iron-containing protein called hemoglobin, this is where the red coloring of blood comes from
• White blood cells


  Make up part of the immune system, fight infections
• Platelets

  Needed for clotting, cellular fragments
• Plasma

  Blood cells, nutrients and wastes float in this liquid. Liquid portion, like water proteins, salts, and lipids
• Blood pathway of blood

  • 2 parts: Deoxygenated or low-oxygen partition, Oxygenated partition
  • Right side pumps deoxygenated blood, Left side pumps oxygenated blood
  • 4 chambers: Right atrium, Left atrium, Right ventricles, Left ventricles

  
• Atrium


  Thinner walls compared to ventricles
• Blood vessels

  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
• Arteries

  • Carry oxygen-rich blood from heart to body's tissues, except pulmonary arteries which go to lungs
  • Typically oxygen-rich
  • Oxygenated blood is pumped from heart along muscular arteries

  
• Veins


  • Have one-way valves instead of muscles, to stop blood from running back the wrong way
  • Generally carry deoxygenated blood from body to heart, except pulmonary veins which carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
  • Typically oxygen-poor
  • Carry blood to heart

  
• Capillaries

  Small blood vessels where oxygen is delivered to organs and tissues and where carbon dioxide will also be picked up to travel back to the lungs
• Valves

  • One way structure that help separate the chamber and also prevent backflow
  • Open and close to allow blood to flow through and keep blood from moving in the wrong direction
• Atrioventricular valves

  • Tricuspid valve
  • Mitral valve
• Semilunar valves


  • Aortic valve
  • Pulmonary valve
• Heart needs its own blood supply to deliver oxygen and glucose
• Coronary arteries


  Network of arteries that run along heart's surface and deliver blood through capillaries to provide oxygen and glucose to the heart

  
• Coronary arteries


  • Left coronary artery
  • Circumflex artery
  • Left anterior descending artery
  • Right coronary artery
• Coronary veins


  Take deoxygenated blood to the right atrium to be oxygenated
• Heart walls


  • 3 layers: Endocardium (inner), Myocardium (muscular middle), Epicardium (protective outer)
  • Epicardium is one layer of the pericardium, a protective sac that covers the entire heart and produces fluid to lubricate the heart
• Human heart beats 100,000 times per day