mil l4

• Primary Source

  An original, uninterpreted, or first-hand material of information created by the person(s) directly involved in an activity or an event.

  It provides researchers and students a closer look at the original ideas and experiences of events based on the first- hand experiences of the person(s) who created it.

  Ex. Primary Sources include autobiographies, personal letters, diaries, and manuscripts.
• Secondary Source

  An information obtained through several primary sources and has undergone editing or interpretation providing a different perspective for the readers.

  Ex. Secondary Sources include encyclopedias, newspaper articles, commentaries, and research articles.
• Tertiary Source

  Consists of summaries and collections of both primary and secondary sources. These ae not always considered to be acceptable materials for academic researches as they only provide overviews of the original references.

  Ex. Tertiary Sources include textbooks and modules.
• INFORMATION SOURCES

  Library, Internet and Indigenous media
• Library

  According to The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (2003), a library is “a means of access to information, ideas, and works of imagination.”
• Internet

  According to Shelly and Campbell (2012), internet is a global network of computers that allows computer users around the world to share information for various purposes
• Indigenous Media

  According to Wilson, et al. (2015), this refers to a form of media conceptualized, produced, and circulated by

  indigenous people as vehicles for communication,

  specifically for cultural preservation, cultural and artistic expression, political self-determination, and cultural sovereignty.
• two different types of information: truths and untruths
• TRIANGULATION, or the method used to question the validity, reliability, and accuracy of an information source (Pierce, as seen in Bautista & Ignacio, 2008).
• VALIDITY – The extent to which measure, indicator, or method of data collection possesses the quality of being sound or trustworthy as far as can be judged (Jary and Jary, as seen in Bautista & Ignacio, 1995).
• ACCURACY – the closeness of the measurements to a specific value (Wikipedia) and the correctness of the output information (Bailey & Pearson, 1983).
• The medium used in presenting the information is also crucial in evaluating information.
• Blogs, on the other hand, are more susceptible to bias. Information contained within blogs is based on the blogger's actual experiences and may provide varying interpretations. However, this may also give a broader view of "truthful" information since many blogs exist without the aim to advertise a particular commercial entity.
• Information sources have reasons why they present information, inform, persuade, entertain, or advertise