URINARY MEDGLO

• Kidneys


  • 2 bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist
  • The kidney filters about 120-150 quarts of blood to remove wastes and balance fluids
• Ureters


  • Thin tube of muscle that connects kidneys to the bladder and carry urine to the urinary bladder
• Bladder

  • A hollow, muscular balloon-shaped organ that expands as it fills with urine
  • The bladder acts like a reservoir which can hold 1.5-2 cups of urine
• Urethra


  • A tube located at the bottom of the bladder that allows urine to exit the body during urination
• All parts of the urinary tract—the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra—must work together to urinate normally
• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)


  A hormone release by a pituitary gland that causes water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus concentrating the urine
• Angiotensin

  A substance that increases blood pressure, activated in the body by a renin, an enzyme produced by the kidneys
• Calyx


  A cup-like cavity in the pelvis of the kidneys; also calix (plural:Calices)
• Diuresis


  Excretion of urine; usually meaning increased urinary excretion
• Diuretic


  A substance the increases the excretion of urine; pertaining to diuresis
• Erythropoietin (EPO)


  A hormone produce by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow
• Glomerular capsule


  A cup-shaped structure at the beginning of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and received material filtered out of the blood; Bowman capsule
• Glomerular filtrate


  The fluid and dissolve materials that filter out of the blood and enter the nephron through the glomerular capsule
• Glomerulus


  The cluster of capillaries within the glomerular capsule (plural: glomeruli)
• Kidney


  An organ of excretion; the two kidneys filter the blood and form urine, which contain metabolic waste products and other substances as needed to regulate the water, electrolyte, and pH balance of the body fluids
• Micturition


  The voiding of urine, urination
• Nephron


  A microscopic functional unit of the kidney; working with blood vessels, the nephron filters the blood and blood balances the composition of urine
• Renal cortex


  The kidney's outer portion; contains portions of the nephrons
• Renal medulla


  The kidney's inner portion, contains portions of the nephrons and ducts that transport urine toward the renal pelvis
• Renal pelvis


  The expanded upper end of the ureter that receives urine from the kidney
• Renal pyramid


  A triangular structure in the renal medulla; composed of the nephrons' loops and collecting ducts
• Renin


  An enzyme produced by the kidneys that activates angiotensin in the blood
• Trigone


  A triangular at the base of the bladder formed by the openings of the 2 ureters and the urethra
• Tubular reabsorption


  The return of substances from the glomerular filtrate to the blood through the peri-tubular capillaries
• Urea


  The main nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) waste product in the urine
• Ureter


  The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
• Urethra


  The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
• Urinary bladder


  The organ that stores and eliminates urine excreted by the kidneys
• Urination


  The voiding of urine
• Urine

  The fluid excreted by the kidneys. It consists of water, electrolytes, urea, other metabolic wastes, and pigments
• Roots Pertaining to the Urinary System


  • Ren/o (kidney)
  • Nephr/o (kidney)
  • Glomerul/o (glomerulus)
  • Pyel/o (renal pelvis)
  • Cali/o, calic/o (calyx)
  • ur/o (urine, urinary tract)
  • Urin/o (urine)
  • Ureter/o (ureter)
  • Cyst/o (urinary bladder)
  • Vesic/o (urinary bladder)
  • Urethr/o (urethra)

  
• Clinical Aspect of the Urinary Bladder


  • Acidosis
  • Bacteriuria
  • Cast
  • Cystitis
  • Dysuria
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • Hematuria
  • Hydronephrosis
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hyponatremia
  • Hypoproteinemia
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hypernatremia
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Oliguria
  • Proteinuria
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Pyuria
  • Renal colic
  • Uremia
  • Urethritis
  • Urinary stasis
• Diagnosis and Treatment


  • Catheterization
  • Cystoscope
  • Dialysis
  • Hemodialysis
  • Intravenous Pyelography (IVP)
  • Intravenous urography (IVU)
  • Lithotripsy
  • Peritoneal dialysis
  • Retrograde pyelography
  • Specific gravity
  • Urinalysis
  • Indwelling Foley Catheter
  • Lithotrite
  • Anion gap
• Surgery


  • Cystectomy
  • Ileal conduit
  • Lithotomy
  • Renal transplantation
• Normal Structure and Function : Supplementary terms

  • Aldosterone
  • Clearance
  • Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
  • Clean-catch specimen
  • Cystometrography
  • Protein electrophoresis
  • Urinometer
  • Creatinine
  • Detrusor muscle
  • Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
  • Maximum transport capacity (TM)
  • Renal corpuscle
• Symptoms and Conditions


  • Anuresis
  • Anuria
  • Azotemia
  • Azoturia
  • Cystocele
  • Dehydration
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Enuresis
  • Epispadias
  • Glycosuria
  • Horseshoe kidney
  • Hydroureter
  • Hypospadias
  • Hypovolemia
  • Neurogenic bladder
  • Nocturia
  • Polycystic kidney disease
  • Polydipsia
  • Polyuria
  • Retention of urine
  • Staghorn calculus
  • Ureterocele
  • Urinary frequency
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Urinary urgency
  • Water intoxication
  • Wilms tumor