Abnormal Psych Phase 1

• Psychological Disorder


  Psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected
• Psychological Dysfunction


  Refers to a breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning
• Distress or Impairment


  Individual is extremely upset and cannot function properly
• Atypical or Not Culturally Expected


  Deviates from the average or the norm of the culture
• Psychopathology


  Scientific study of psychological disorders
• Clinical/Counseling Psychologist


  • Received Ph.D. and follow a course of graduate-level study lasting approx. 5 years
• Psy.D.


  • Focus on clinical training and de-emphasize or eliminates research training
• Ph.D.


  • Integrate clinical and research training
• Psychiatrists


  • First earn an M.D. in med school, then specialize in Psychiatry
• Psychiatric Social Workers


  • Earns master's in social work as they develop expertise in collecting information relevant to the social and family situation of the individual
• Scientist-Practitioners


  • They may keep up with the latest scientific developments in their field and utilize the knowledge in their practice
  • Evaluate their own assessments and treatment procedures to see whether they are effective
  • Conduct research that produces new information about disorders or their treatments, thus becoming immune to the fads that plague our field, often at the expense of patients and their families
• Presenting Problem or Present


  Traditional shorthand way of indicating why the person came to the clinic
• Clinical Description


  Represents the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder
• Clinical


  Refers both to the types of problems or disorders that you would find in a clinic or hospital and to the activities connected with assessment and treatment
• Prevalence


  How many people in the population as a who have/had the disorder
• Incidence


  How many new cases occurring during a given period
• Course

  • Chronic - last a long time
  • Episodic - likely to recover a few months only to suffer re-occurrence
  • Time-Limited - disorder will improve without treatment in a relatively short period with little or no risk or recurrence
• Onset

  • Acute - sudden
  • Insidious - gradually over an extended period of time
• Prognosis


  Anticipated course of the disorder
• Etiology


  Study of origins, why the disorder begins
• Ego-Syntonic


  Behaviors are aligned with your personal values and self-image
• Ego-Dystonic


  Actions that are inconsistent with your ego
• During the last quarter of the 14th century, Roman Catholic Church fought back against evil in the world that is believed must have been behind these disorders
• People turned to magic and sorcery to solve their problems because they also believed that psych disorders were the works of the devil and witches
• Treatments include exorcisms, shaving the pattern of a cross in the hair of the victim's head and securing sufferers to a wall near the church
• Mental depression and anxiety were recognized as illness, although symptoms such as despair and lethargy were often identified by the church as a sin of acedia, or sloth
• Common treatments was rest, sleep, and health and happy environment (baths, ointments, and happy environment)
• Organizational Theory - set of propositions that explains or predicts how group and individuals behave in varying organizational structures and circumstances
• Functional Principle - concept behind division of labor, that is, organizations should be divided into units that perform similar functions into areas of specialization
• Artificialism refers to the belief that everything that exists must have been made by a conscious entity, such as God or a human being
• Restriction of range - occurs when the range of values measured for one of the variables in a study is restricted or condensed for some reason.
• Factor Analysis - mathematical procedures designed to identify factors or specific variables that are typically attributes, characteristics, or dimension on which people may differ. It is a data reduction method in which several sets of scores and the correlations between them are analyzed
• observer drift - refers to an unintended change in the way an observer uses a measurement system over time
• Differential Item Functionning - in IRT, a phenomenon in which the same test item yields one result for members of one group and a different result for members of another group, presumably as a result of group differences in the construct being measured