Difficult Things

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Created by
Noah

Cards (16)

  • Polymers are large molecules made by joining up lots of small repeating units called monomers.
  • Condensation polymerisation involves monomers which contain different functional groups
  • Only one product is formed from addition polymerisation
  • Two types of products formed from condensation polymerisation- the polymer and a small molecule (eg water)
  • Addition Polymerisation:
    • Only one monomer type, containing a C=C double bond
  • Condensation Polymerisation:
    • Two monomer types containing two of the same functional groups or one monomer type with two different functional groups
  • Plastics are a group of man-made polymers
  • Other useful man-made polymers include nylon (a polyamide) and PET (polyester)
  • PET is useful as it can be broken down into monomers and recycled into new polymers
  • If you change the conditions of a reversible reaction at equilibrium, the system will try to counteract that change.
  • Features of an equilibrium:
    • The reactants and products stay constant
    • Forward reaction is equal to the backwards reaction
  • Electrolysis is the breakdown of an ionic compound, molten or in aqueous solution, by the passage of electricity.
    1. During electrolysis, an electric current is passed through an electrolyte. The electrolyte is a molten or dissolved ionic compound.
    2. The ions are free to move towards the electrodes, where they react and the compound decomposes.
    3. The positive ions in the electrolyte will move towards the cathode (negative electrode) and remove electrodes from the circuit.
  • In electrolysis, the positive ions migrate towards the negative electrode (cathode), while the negative ions migrate towards the positive electrode (anode)
  • 4. The negative ions in the electrolyte move towards the anode (positive electrode) and provide electrons, which then flow along a metallic conductor back towards the cathode
    5. This creates a flow of charge through the electrolyte as ions travel to the electrodes
    6. As ions gain or lose electrons, they form the uncharged element and are discharged from the electrolyte
  • The cathode gradually gets larger and the anode gets smaller and dissolves