Republican rule 1649-60 ( Green booklet)

• When does Cromwell become Lord General?


  1650
• When was Charles 2nd proclaimed king in Scotland?


  1649
• When was the navigation act?


  1651
• What was the navigation act?


  Trade laws restricting colonial commerce to benefit England.
• When was the rump parliament?


  1648-1653
• When was the nominated parliament?


  July - December 1653
• When was the first protectorate parliament?


  1654-1655
• In the first protectorate parliament what were the MPS forced to do?


  Sign a “recognition” of the instrument -100 refused and were excluded
• When was the second protectorate parliament?


  1656 - 1658
• When was the humble petition and advice?


  1657
• when did Cromwell refuse the throne and become Lord Protector for life?


  1657
• When does Cromwell die?


  1658
• Who becomes lord protector after Oliver Cromwells death?

  Richard cromwell
• When was the third protectorate?


  1659
• When was Richard forced to dissolve parliament?


  1659
• When did Richard Cromwell resign as lord protector?


  1659
• When was the rump parliament recalled?


  1659
• When the army dissolved the rump in 1659 which body took over?


  Army committee of safety
• Who restored the rump after the army committee of safety?


  General Monck
• In 1660 what did Monck do.


  Recalled MPs excluded in 1648, restoring long parliament on condition that it dissolve itself and call new elections.
• when was the declaration of Breda?


  1660
• Which parliament vote to have a government by king?


  Convention parliament
• when was the convention parliament?


  1660
• When did Charles the 2nd become king?


  1660
• Initial Successes of the Republic


  • The New Model Army was able to first subdue the Scots and then the Irish in rapid succession
  • This achievement should not be understated, for no English king had ever been able to completely conquer Scotland
  • A Royalist revolt was crushed as well and this finished them as a significant force
  • The Rump now had control over all the Kingdoms
• The Battle of Dunbar 1650 resulted in the defeat and docu
• the Rump Parliament sole source of authority

  17 March 1649, ordinance abolishing monarchy

  abolished the House of Lord.

  support in England was not universal many Royalists remained and also the Rump was only a small portion of the original ParliameIn Scotland Charles's son was proclaimed King Charles I| and an army was raiseSoon rebellion stirred in Ireland as fears of the new Protestant parliament concerned the Catholic Irish who had hoped the king would defend them

  • The Third Civil War was under way and the fledgling republic found itself beset by enemies on all sides
• Issues the rump parliament faced?

  Legitimacy = without a king it’s unclear where legitimate authority lay. Parliament could claim some legitimacy but it’s officially required to be approved by monarch

  divisions= different groups in parliament had different ideas. Main between army and civilian interest.
• Attempts at suppression simply served to increase polarisation
• Reform in the Republic

  1. Military situation having calmed

  2. Rump turned attention to reform at home

  3. Abolition of Church courts

  4. Moral offences made into crimes

  5. Laws passed against adultery and blasphemy

  6. Observance of the Sabbath enforced
• The Rump faced calls for more reform from sections of the army


  Army had a lot of influence due to its key position
• Reforms sought by the army


  • Law reforms
  • Abolition of tithes
  • Religious toleration for all Protestants
• The Rump was wary of carrying out the more radical requests so as not to anger the more conservative elements of the nobility
• Continued army support was vital to the survival of the Rump and some concessions had to be made
• First Toleration Act passed by Cromwell?

  1650
• Toleration Act


  Promoted freedom of worship by repealing an earlier statute which had required the compulsory attendance at Anglican services
• Catholics were excluded from the toleration act as the Rump still intended to curb Catholic influence
• The rise of religious radicalism


  • Uncertainty of the civil war period
  • Reforms which collapsed church authority
• The national church system was less regulated than before and non-conformists found it much easier to practise their religions
• 2 factors preventing the rump from providing stability?


  Couldn’t agree on legal reforms.

  125 acts in 1649 and 51acts in 1652

  needing to maintain a standing army meant high taxes