People ocr

• What is human resources?


  The workers employed by a business
• What is functions?


  Different types of work that need to be done in a business
• Human resource plan


  A plan detailing the workers a business will need i.e. how many, when, full time or part time and the skills they need.
• Human resources plan - Things for a business to think about


  - The number of workers needed

  - The number of workers working full-time or part-time

  - The skills the workers will need to have

  - How many staff members the business can afford to employ
• When might a business need to review it's human resource needs?

  - Workers may have been replaced

  - The business may grow or shrink

  - Changes in law may affect employment

  - The budget available for paying staff
• Organisation Chart


  A diagram to show how workers are organised in a business
• Authority


  The power that one person has to make decisions
• Chain of Command


  The order of authority from top to bottom
• Span of Control


  The number of people a manager is in charge of
• Delegation


  Giving someone else permission to make a decision
• Tall Structure


  Sometimes referred to as a hierarchical organisational structure. It has many layers of management and there is clear accountability
• Flat Structure


  Organisational structure with only a few layers of management. Decisions can be made more quickly because there are fewer managers to consult
• Advantages of a tall structure


  - The span of control is likely to be narrower meaning that he does not have as many people to look after

  - There will be plenty of opportunities for workers to gain promotion which will motivate them to work harder
• Disadvantages of tall structure


  - Subordinates may feel like they are too controlled by their line manager which can stifle motivation and creativity

  - Workers may only talk to immediate colleagues and may be less sympathetic or supportive to workers in other areas of the business
• Advantages of Flat Structure


  - Managers tend to delegate responsibility to the workers they have responsibility for which is good for motivation

  - Workers are more likely to talk to a wider range of colleagues which is good for generating ideas
• Disadvantages of Flat Structure

  - There is not always clear lines of communication so some workers may be misinformed

  - Managers have a larger number of workers to oversee

  - Promotion choices may be few which may lack motivation
• Written communication


  Communication through written words
• verbal communication


  Communication by speaking
• formal communication


  Communication using the official channels within a business
• informal communication


  Communication outside the official channels within business
• Communication


  The transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver
• Pros of Verbal Communication

  - Can emphasise points through tone and body language

  - Can use diagrams and pictures to clearly explain
• Cons of verbal communication

  - Some forms can be expensive

  - No permanent record of the message
• Pros of written communication

  - Can be sent to multiple people at the same time

  - There is a record of the message

  - Can avoid confrontation
• Cons of written communication


  - Emails could go to spam

  - The success depends on the clarity of the message

  - Risk of computer viruses
• Selection


  The process of choosing between applicants for a job
• job description


  a written description of the basic tasks, duties, and responsibilities required of an employee holding a particular job
• Person specification


  A detailed list of the qualities, skills and qualifications that a successful applicant will need to have
• interview


  Sessions where the people making the appointment ask questions of the applicant
• methods of advertising


  - Website, social media, local newspaper
• Methods of selection


  letter of application, application form, CV, interviews, tests and presentations, group activities, references
• Motivation


  How workers are encouraged to work hard
• Retention


  When workers choose to stay in a firm rather than move elsewhere
• Productivity


  A measure of output per working
• Financial Motivation Methods


  Methods that involve paying workers money. For example bonuses and profit sharing
• Non financial motivation methods

  Methods that do not involve paying money. For example praise and award schemes
• Training


  Short term and is focused on helping a worker do his job well
• development


  Long term training focused on helping a worker realise their potential
• On-the-job


  Training while working
• Off-the-job training


  Training that takes place away from the work area.