PURP COMM

• Definition


  Providing the meaning of a term in clear and concise language to help the audience understand its fundamental concept
• Definition


  • "Democracy can be defined as a system of government in which power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives."
• Examples


  Using real-world scenarios to illustrate abstract concepts and make them more tangible and relatable
• Examples


  • "For example, consider the concept of supply and demand in economics. When the demand for a product increases while the supply remains constant, the price typically rises."
• Comparison/Contrast


  Explaining an unfamiliar concept by comparing and contrasting it with a more familiar one, highlighting the differences in their underlying principles and systems
• Comparison/Contrast


  • "To understand the concept of socialism, it's helpful to compare it to capitalism. While capitalism promotes private ownership of the means of production and operates on the principle of market competition, socialism advocates for collective ownership and aims to distribute resources more equitably."
• Analysis


  Breaking down a complex idea into its constituent parts to allow for a deeper examination of the factors contributing to it
• Analysis


  • "To understand the concept of climate change, we can analyze it into several key components, including greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and global temperature rise."
• Process Description


  Providing clear, step-by-step instructions on how to perform a specific operation or procedure
• Process Description


  • "To bake a cake, follow these steps: preheat the oven, mix the dry ingredients, cream the butter and sugar, add the eggs and vanilla extract, alternate adding the dry ingredients and milk, pour the batter into a greased pan, and bake until golden brown."
• Cause and Effect


  Identifying the causes of a phenomenon and the effects they have, illustrating the interconnectedness of various factors
• Cause and Effect


  • "The decline in bee populations is primarily caused by habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change. As a result, there has been a decrease in pollination rates, leading to reduced crop yields and biodiversity loss."
• These communication techniques are valuable for breaking down complex ideas, explaining processes, and elucidating causal relationships, providing clarity and insight into various subjects and phenomena.
• Multimodal text


  Communication that transcends traditional boundaries, involving the integration of different modes of communication to convey meaning
• These techniques are powerful tools for enhancing understanding and clarity in communication, whether you're defining complex terms, providing examples to illustrate concepts, or drawing comparisons to familiar ideas.
• Modes of communication in multimodal text

  • Linguistic
  • Visual
  • Aural
  • Spatial
  • Gestural
  • Temporal
• Linguistic mode


  • Written and spoken language, words, phrases, and sentences
• Visual aids


  • Improves listener memory
  • Speeds comprehension
  • Adds to speaker credibility
• Linguistic mode


  • Books, articles, essays, poems, speeches, scripts
• Visual mode


  • Images, graphics, colors, layout
• Types of Visual Aids

  • Audiovisual aids
  • Electronic and multimedia aids
  • Flip charts
  • Marker boards and chalkboards
  • Objects, models and handouts
• Visual mode


  • Infographics, maps, photographs, paintings, illustrations, charts, diagrams
• Using audiovisual aids


  1. Have them cued to right location

  2. Omit sound on videotape—use own words

  3. If sound necessary, check volume

  4. Insert clips into your PPT folder

  5. Limit clips to 15-30 seconds
• Aural mode


  • Sound effects, music, spoken words
• Aural mode


  • Podcasts, music, radio broadcasts, soundscapes, audio books, speeches
• Using Electronic/Multimedia Aids


  1. Simplify, simplify, simplify—6 second rule!

  2. Use sounds sparingly, if at all

  3. Give transition before clicking to next slide
• Spatial mode


  • Arrangement and organization of elements on a page or screen
• Using Electronic/Multimedia Aids


  1. Maintain eye contact & conversational style

  2. Use light so you can be seen

  3. Bring a backup
• Spatial mode


  • Web design layouts, magazine spreads, architectural plans, posters, signage
• Gestural mode


  • Body language, facial expressions, gestures
• Using flipcharts and posters

  1. Include one idea per page

  2. Use water-based markers on flip charts or leave blank pages between

  3. List all items, then discuss each in detail

  4. When finished, cover or reverse to blank side
• Gestural mode


  • Sign language, body language, facial expressions, hand gestures, dance
• Temporal mode


  • Timing, rhythm, pacing
• Using marker and chalk boards


  1. Include one idea per page

  2. Use water-based markers on flip charts or leave blank pages between

  3. List all items, then discuss each in detail

  4. When finished, cover or reverse to blank side
• Temporal mode


  • Film, animation, theater, dance performances, multimedia presentations
• Enhanced engagement


  Multimodal text captivates and engages audiences by appealing to multiple senses, creating a more immersive experience
• Using objects, models and handouts

  1. Make large enough to be seen

  2. Keep small enough to be easily displayed

  3. Usually wait until end of speech to pass around or hand out copies
• Expanded meaning


  Combining linguistic, visual, aural, and other modes can convey complex messages more effectively and comprehensively
• PowerPoint Mistakes


  • Reading off the slides (62%)
  • Text too small to read (47%)
  • Text color hard to read (43%)
  • Complete sentences (39%)
  • Too much motion (25%)
  • Charts too complex (22%)
• Accessibility


  Multimodal text can accommodate diverse learning styles and abilities