CM1 PHILO

• The word "philosopher" comes from the Greek words philo (love) and sophia (wisdom).
• Through their ultimate causes; seeking the deepest explanations regarding the existence and nature of beings.
• Acquired through the use of reason; seeking the ultimate explanations that can be arrived at by applying reasoning to facts supplied by experience.
• Epistemology delves into the definition, scope, and parameters of knowledge and knowledge formation. Seeks to explain how we acquire knowledge, how knowledge relates to notions like justification, truth, and belief, and how and where it falls in the spectrum of certainty and error.
• Aesthetics study of everything related to beauty, art, and good taste. Includes how we define art, how we feel when viewing art or witnessing beauty, how we judge works of art, and how we form our taste.
• Aristotle is the first logician and biologist. Founded the Lyceum and tutored Alexander the Great. Influenced numerous theologians and philosophers, including St. Augustine and Thomas Aquinas. “The form is what makes matter what it is (as the soul defines a living body).”
• Kant says that “The world of things-in-themselves is unknowable; the world of appearance, the phenomenal world governed by laws, is knowable. Believed that causality, necessity, and unity enable us to have a coherent knowledge of the world. Accepted the moral argument for God's existence and the doctrine of free will ("ought" implies "can," he reasoned). “Moral actions can only arise from a sense of duty (as opposed to, say, the outcome of actions, which may be pleasurable or beneficial to someone).”
• Nature of Philosophy

  • an attempt to arrive at a rational conception of the reality.

  • enquires into the nature of the universe, the nature of the human soul, and its destiny, and the nature of God or the Absolute, and their relation to one another.

  • enquires into the nature of matter, time, space, causality, evolution, life, and mind, and their relation to one another.

  • the art of thinking all things logically, systematically, and persistently.

  • the art of thinking rationally and systematically of the reality as a whole.
• Branches of Philosophy are epistemology, metaphysics, ethics/axiology, logic, aesthetics, and political philosophy.
• Ancient philosophy of man includes socrates and aristotle.
• modern philosophy of man includes rene descartes, jean-jacques rosseau, and immanuel kant.
• contemporary philosophy of man includes kierkegaard, heidegger, nietzsche, and sartre.
• It is a human's nature to ask, inquire, and seek answers.
• Philosophy of Man is a study or discourse about humanity. It seeks wisdom, essence, and purpose.