General Chemistry 2 (Midterms)

• kinetic molecular theory describes the microscopic properties of matter and how they translate to the state and other properties of matter
• Matter is composed of small particles
• Molecules interact with one another through attractive forces
• The strength of these forces is related to the distance between the particles
• Molecules are always in constant random motion
• The temperature of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules
• Atom is the building blocks of matter
• Intermolecular forces are attractive forced between molecules
• if the heat is high then the kinetic energy is also high
• temperature and intermolecular forces are the factors of the state of matters
• the higher the temperature, the higher average kinetic energy there is
• the higher the temperature the lower the intermolecular forces of attraction
• the lower the temperature the higher the intermolecular forces are
• Kinetic energy refers to the energy of particles in motion
• molecules are group of atoms
• Intermolecular forces are attractive forces present in between molecules
• The two van der waals forces of attraction are london dispersion forces and dipole-dipole forces
• London dispersion forces is the weakest intermolecular forces, it’s present between nonpolar molecules and in all electrically neutral molecules
• Dipole-dipole forces is moderately strong forces between polar molecules with interaction among dipoles
• Ion-dipole forces is the attraction between a dipole molecule and an ion, crucial for dissolving ionic solids
• Hydrogen bonding is the strongest type of IMF, it occurs when hydrogen bond with F, O, or N.
• Ion-ion interaction is the interaction between two oppositely charged particles (positive charge reacts to negative charge)
• Ionic compound is the substance that is formed during ion-ion interaction
• Ionic compound is formed when there is a transfer in electrons
• vibratory motion is the movement of solid
• relatively short distances is the movement of liquid
• long distances is the movement of gas
• attractive forces is the interaction between particles
• ions - charged particles
• cations - positively charged particles
• anions - negatively charged particles
• boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas
• Melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid
• Phase is defined as a homogeneous state in which the substance has a uniform composition and governed bu the same intermolecular forces
• Phase changes - transitions that occur between different phases of matter
• solid is the most ordered matter
• gas is the most disordered matter
• Enthalpy is the amount of heat energy transferred from the surroundings to the substance
• Endothermic is when heat is absorbed
• Exothermic is when heat is released