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• Ratings 


  Is a colloquial term for audience measurement that influence timing, placements, and markets for media

  content and advertising (Balnaves, O’Regan, & Goldsmith, 2011). Ratings determine the number of people who watches, listens to, or reads a particular content.
• Revenues


  The business dictionary defines revenue as income generated from the sale of goods or services, or any

  other use of capital or assets, associated with the main operations of an organization before any costs or expenses are deducted.
• MEDIA CONTROVERSIES

  1. Stereotyping
  2. Gender Roles
  3. Racial discrimination
  4. Conflict of interest
  5. accountability
  6. censorship
• Stereotyping 


  the process of labeling an entire group according to the characteristics of some. The media have been found guilty

  of stereotyping multiple times. As a form of communication that deals with the public, it is not hard to see why the media is prone to generalization.

  Although there is a noticeable improvement in the number of stereotypes in the media, the following remain controversial.
• Gender Roles

  The alpha-male or the depiction of the heterosexual male as

  superior to the other gender is still ever-present in most media content. It seems that countless protests from feminist movements and the LGBT (Lesbian, Gays, Bisexuals, Transgenders) community have done little to eradicate the media's sexist element.
• Racial discrimination 


  While many people get accustomed to a highly digitalized daily routine, various forms of racism burgeon in online spaces. They often take shape in disinformation and hate speech targeting diverse population segments. The root causes are intricate. Whereas the lack of critical thinking

  about information, media content, and purposeful use of technology as a crucial factor is evident.
• Conflict of interest 


  Journalism professor Adam Peneberg (2007) defined conflict

  of interest as situations in which competing professional, personal and/or financial obligations or interests compete with the journalist's responsibility to his outlet and audience.
• Accountability

  Bernard (2000), author of Media Ethics and Accountability Systems, explained that a person in the media is accountable to one's self, towards peers, towards sources, towards people involved in the news, towards media users, and towards the community where they operate. Media accountability involves self-regulation by remembering and respecting those to who they are accountable in their work.
• Censorship 


  Philip Steele (1999) defines censorship as any attempt to limit or prevent the free exchange of information. It suppresses information, ideas, or artistic expression
• The State University of Oklahoma enumerated the following as forms of censorship:

  • Preventive

  • Punitive

  • Taboo
• Preventive – exercised before the expression is made public. Examples of these include government restrains, licensing, and self-censorship.
• Taboo – censorship of that which society deems inappropriate or offensive.
• Punitive – exercised after the expression is made public. This type of censorship is penalizing in nature.
• According to Johnson (2020), an average filipino spends around 10 hours online each day ,more than any other nationality in the world