Circulatory System

• Circulatory System

  • Classification
  • Cardiovascular system
  • Lymphatic vascular system
• CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

  • The organ system that brings nutrients, oxygen, hormones and other needed substances to the cells of the body
• • The circulatory system includes
  • Cardiovascular system 
  • Lymphatic vascular system
• • Cardiovascular system 
  • Has two circulation: systemic & pulmonary 
  • Pulmonary - heart and lungs
  • Systemic - heart and organs 
• • Lymphatic vascular system
  • Includes: lymph nodes, spleen, thymus 
  • Carries lymph fluid 
• • The blood vascular system is composed of: 
  • Heart 
  • Arteries 
  • Capillaries 
  • Veins
• Heart 

  Function is to pump blood 
• Arteries 

  Carry the blood with its nutrients and oxygen, to the tissues

  Responsible for distributing oxygenated blood to the organs/tissues (exceptions: pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood)
• Veins 

  Convey the blood to be pumped again 

  Responsible for distributing deoxygenated blood (exceptions: pulmonary veins carries oxygenated blood)
• Capillaries Smallest blood vessels, interchange between blood and tissues takes place
• • Microvasculature products exchange between blood and tissues
• interchange between blood and tissues takes place (forms microvasculature)
• HEART 

  • A muscular organ that contracts rhythmically, pumping the blood through the circulatory system 
  • Muscle: cardiac muscle
• • Pericardium a double serous membrane that covers the heart 
  • Adipose tissue 
  • Fibrous pericardium 
  • Parietal layer of serous pericardium
  • Pericardial cavity 
  • Visceral serous pericardium (included in the epicardium)
• The walls of four heart chambers consist of three major layers or tunics 

  • External epicardium
  • Middle myocardium
  • Internal endocardium 
• Space after the endocardium: storage of blood'
• Epicardium (visceral pericardium) - outer; simple squamous epithelium supported by thin layer of CT
• Myocardium - middle layer and thickest tunica; purely cardiac muscle tissue
• • Endocardium - inner layer; simple squamous with thin layer loose connective tissue containing elastic and collagen fibers and some smooth muscle cells 
  • Includes the Purkinje fibers
• • Subendocardial layer loose connective tissue that contain veins, nerves, and branches of the impulse conducting system 
• Purkinje fibers - special type of tissue that can withstand electrical impulses
• Subendocardial layer 

  • In the middle of myocardium and endocardium
• Identify the parts

  A) epicardium

  B) myocardium

  C) endocardium

  
• Ventricles Major pumping chambers
• Atria Receives blood from veins 

  Act as reservoir

  Its contraction forces blood into the ventricles
• Ventricles  Major pumping chambers

  Ejects blood into the arteries and force it to flow through the circulatory system (systemic circulation)
• The wall in the left ventricle is thicker because it generates greater pressure
• • 2 Atrioventricular Valve located between atrium and ventricle
• 2 Atrioventricular Valve

  • Tricuspid valve - between right atrium and right ventricle 
  • Bicuspid valve - between left atrium and left ventricle
• • 2 Semilunar Valve located between artery and ventricle 
• 2 Semilunar Valve

  • Pulmonary Semilunar Valve 
  • Aortic Semilunar Valve