Regulation of blood glucose concentrations

• What is glucose

  A small soluble molecules carried in the blood plasma
• What concentration is glucose normally kept at

  90mgcm-3
• What 3 things causes glucose concentration to increase

  Diet, glycogenolysis, and Gluconeogenesis
• How does diet increase blood glucose

  Eating carbs which are then broken down in the digestive system to release glucose
• How does glycogenolysis increase blood glucose

  Glycogen is broken down into glucose
• How does gluconeogenesis increase blood glucose

  Production of glucose form now carbohydrate source
• What two things decrease glucose concentration

  Respiration and glycogenesis
• How does respiration decrease blood glucose concentration

  Glucose is used up by cells to release energy during exercise
• How does glycogenesis decrease blood glucose levels

  when glucose is converted into glycogen
• Action of glycogen

  1. when Glucose concentration is too high insulin will stopped being released and glucagon will be released from the alpha cells
  2. glucagon binds to receptors on cell Surface membrane of liver cells
  3. the binding causes a G protein to be activated
  4. the activated G protein activates the enzyme adenylyl Cyclase
  5. adenylyl cyclase catalyses the conversion of ATP into cyclic AMP
  6. cAMP binds to other enzymes activating them
  7. one of the enzymes is phosphorylase A which converts glycogen into glucose