Carbohydrates

• carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• monosaccharides

  these are the monomers of carbohydrates

  glucose, fructose, galactose

  2 types of glucose, alpha and beta, they are isomers

  
• Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides, joined by a glycosidic bond
• types of disaccharides

  maltose = glucose + glucose

  sucrose = glucose + fructose

  lactose = glucose + galactose
• starch is a polysaccharide, alpha glucose chain

  plants store of glucose

  amylose- unbranded helix, its compact so a lot can be stored in small space, 1-4 glycosidic bond

  amylopectin - branched, this increases SA for hydrolysis, 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bond
• glycogen is a polysaccharide, alpha glucose chain

  animals glucose store, mainly muscle and liver cells

  highly branched for rapid hydrolysis

  1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
• cellulose is a polysaccharide, beta glucose chain

  for structure and strength of cell wall in plants

  long straight chains, held in parallel by hydrogen bonds which form microfibrils