Geografia

• Latitude/Parallels


  Lines that run parallel to the Equator and are used to find how far north or south a place is. There are 180 parallels in total.
• Major lines of latitude

  • The Arctic Circle (N.P)
  • The Antarctic Circle (S.P)
  • The Tropic of Cancer
  • The Tropic of Capricorn
  • The Equator
• Southern Hemisphere


  Anything lying south of the Equator, labeled °S
• Northern Hemisphere


  Anything lying north of the Equator, labeled °N
• Longitude/Meridians


  Lines that run from top to bottom of the Earth, used to find how far east or west a place is. The 0° line is the Greenwich meridian.
• Eastern Hemisphere


  Anything lying east of the Greenwich Line, labeled °E
• Western Hemisphere


  Anything lying west of the Greenwich Line, labeled °W
• Continents


  • North America
  • South America
  • Africa
  • Europe
  • Asia
  • Australia and Oceania
• Oceans


  • Pacific Ocean
  • Antarctic Ocean
  • Arctic Ocean
  • Indian Ocean
  • Atlantic Ocean
• Ordnance Survey


  UK national mapping agency that produces paper maps and digital mapping products
• Satellite navigation


  Uses satellites to identify and give directions to different locations. GPS helps users know where they are, in which direction they are traveling, and at what speed.
• GIS


  Describes a range of information that is gathered and applied to maps. There can be lots of layers of information applied to the same map. This helps people compare a variety of information for one area.
• Map elements


  • Title
  • Scale (numeric, graphic, chromatic)
  • North Arrow
  • Key or Legend
  • (Relative) Situational Chart
• Symbols


  Simple images or letters and abbreviations that help include lots of detail on maps drawn to scale
• Scale and distance


  Maps have a scale that shows how much bigger the world is than the map. For example, every 1 cm on the map represents 50,000 cm in the real world. Shown by a scale bar.
• Height on maps


  Shown by spot height and triangulation numbers
• Contours


  Lines drawn on maps that join places of the same height, usually brown or orange
• Layer shading


  Maps sometimes shaded to show the height of the land
• Grid references


  Help locate a place, with vertical lines called eastings and horizontal lines called northings