Energy Management and Audit

• Energy Management


  The judicious and effective use of energy to maximize profits (minimize costs) and enhance competitive positions
• Energy Management


  The strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy, using systems and procedures so as to reduce energy requirements per unit of output while holding constant or reducing total costs of producing the output from these systems
• Energy Management


  The process of tracking and optimizing energy consumption to conserve usage in a building
• Basic Process Flow of Energy Management

  1. Collecting and analyzing continuous data

  2. Identify optimizations in equipment schedules, set points and flow rates to improve energy efficiency

  3. Calculate return on investment. Units of energy saved can be metered and calculated just like units of energy delivered

  4. Execute energy optimization solutions

  5. Repeat step two to continue optimizing energy efficiency
• The Energy Conservation Pyramid


  • Awareness on green practices
  • Replace conventional appliances with energy efficient appliances
  • Install alternative energy supply such as Solar PV system
• Key factor for the effectiveness of energy management

  • Commitment from the top management
• Key Steps for Effective Energy Management

  1. Convince your Top Executives of the benefits of the Sustainable Energy Management Program

  2. Saving Recognition - Certification

  3. Remind them of the regulatory requirements- GreenTech MALAYSIA

  4. Appoint competent Energy Manager to champion the initiative

  5. Follow the EMGS requirements

  6. Set up Performance Indicators

  7. Monitor and continuously improve
• Standards


  A published document that contains technical specifications or other precise criteria designed to be used consistently to improve quality of life and work
• Energy Management Standards


  • Energy Management Golden Standard (EMGS)
  • ISO 50001: 2011 Energy Management System (EnMS)
  • MS 1525: 2014
• Mandatory Energy Performance Labelling in FIVE Domestic Appliances in Malaysia
• The Mandatory Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) Regulation came into effect in 2013 in Malaysia
• MEPS Regulation mandates that five primary domestic appliances must meet EE energy performance specifications in order to be sold in Malaysia market
• Appliances are tested by SIRIM and issued with Certificates of Approval (COA) by the Energy Commission. Approved products must be affixed with correct star-rating labels
• Green Building Index (GBI) is used as a tool for rating green buildings in Malaysia
• GBI Rating Criteria


  • Energy Efficiency
  • Indoor Environment Quality
  • Material & Resources
  • Sustainable Site Planning & Management
  • Water Efficiency
  • Innovation
• Energy Audit


  An inspection, survey and analysis of energy flows, for energy conservation in a building, process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output(s)
• Types of Energy Audits

  • Benchmarking - based on historical data only
  • Preliminary Audit
  • Detailed/General Energy Audit
  • Investment-Grade Audit
• Preliminary Audits are done due to time & budget constraints, and are carried out by experienced auditors only
• GBI Rating


  • Platinum: 76 to 85 points
  • Gold: 66 to 75 points
  • Silver: 50 to 65 points
  • Certified: 86 to 100 points
• GBI Rating Criteria


  • Energy Efficiency
  • Indoor Environment Quality
  • Material & Resources
  • Sustainable Site Planning & Management
  • Water Efficiency
  • Innovation
• Types of Energy Audits

  • Benchmarking - based on historical data only
  • Preliminary Audit
  • Detailed/General Energy Audit
  • Investment-Grade Audit
• Preliminary Audit


  1. Initial data gathering

  2. 'brief audit'

  3. 'walk through audit'

  4. Due to time & budget constraint

  5. Experienced auditors only

  6. Output: simple, zero & low cost measures for energy efficiency
• Detailed Audit


  1. Instrumented data collection, metering energy flow, detailed energy and cost analysis

  2. Output: capital-intensive energy savings opportunities
• Investment Grade Audit


  1. Conceptual design of proposed measure, detailed estimate capital expenditures and operations and maintenance (O&M) costs

  2. Output: capital-intensive measures with techno-economic analysis

  3. Especially for project implemented by energy service companies (ESCOs) or by the company themselves
• Energy Audit Measurement Equipment

  • Illumination
  • Air Flow, Compressed Air
  • Temperature & Humidity
  • Others: Compressed Air, Motor, Steam, etc.
• Typical Equipment


  • Air Velocity Meter
  • Thermometer
  • Pressure Meter
  • Lux Meter
  • Multi-channel Data Logger
• Auxiliary Equipment


  • Digital Camera
  • Note Book
  • Computer Software Tools
• Energy Audit Process Flow

  1. Kick-off Meetings

  2. On-site Survey

  3. Conducting the Energy Audits

  4. Analysis of Data & Information

  5. Preparing the Energy Audit Report

  6. Presenting the Energy Audit Report

  7. Following-up

  8. Benchmarking
• Basic Data Required


  • Description of the site and nature of operations/process
  • Record of energy used
  • Energy consumption bills/ accounts from suppliers
  • Periodic records of energy consumption
  • Tariffs applicable to the site
  • Profile of energy usage
  • Production data
  • Suitable time of inspection
  • Contact personnel
  • Available drawing/ schematic layout of operations
  • An examination of measuring/monitoring equipment available
• Download Energy Audit Report Guideline
• List of Registered Energy Service Company (ESCO)
• Example of the energy saving measures for a factory
• How to review energy audit report

  • Ensure accuracy of facility operating hours
  • Ensure accuracy of each equipment operating hours
  • Accuracy of energy and demand rates used in the energy audit
  • Appropriateness of project recommendations for the facility
  • Equipment complexity - can the new equipment be operated by your existing staff, or is training needed?
  • Equipment compatibility - is the new equipment compatible with existing systems?
  • Equipment reliability - has the equipment had a proven track record?
  • Operational cost - will the new equipment increase workload of your existing staff or require the hiring of outside maintenance specialists?
  • Accuracy of existing equipment identification in the energy audit
  • Checking for overestimating the energy savings - interactive effects
  • Use of appropriate simulation models and assumptions
  • Project cost estimates (equipment, installation, engineering design, construction, training, commissioning, permits and plan checks, contingency cost)