good and evil

• Jekyll had not been successful in creating a wholly good person - Jekyll was a mix of both evil and good - evil has triumphed due to its repression - Sigmund Freud: the ID (the impulsive and animalistic part of our psyche) has been released whilst the ego remains - Jekyll's facade


  "I had now two characters as well as two appearances, one was wholly evil, and the other was still the old Henry Jekyll, that incongruous compound." (Chapter 10)
• semantic field of war - internal conflict between good and evil


  'the two natures that contended in the field of my consciousness' chapter 10
• Jekyll admits he is made up equally of good and evil


  'Both sides of me were in dead ernest
• Hyde personifies evil - Jekyll enjoys this darker side to himself and describes it as a forbidden pleasure, as alcohol was often seen to be - freedom in no longer being restrained by obligation to behave morally


  'I knew myself, at the first breath of this new life, to be more wicked, tenfold more wicked, sold a slave to my original evil; and the thought in that moment, braced and delighted me like wine.
• Jekyll was forced to hide his second being, reflecting how Victorian public men often had to conceal their actions - theme of secrecy


  'Hence it came about that I concealed my pleasures.' (chapter 10)
• Contrast between good and evil - Hyde personifies evil - two extremes reflect duality of man - antithesis of one another


  'Even as good shone upon the countenance of one, evil was written broadly and plainly on the face of the other' (chapter 10)
• Utterson chooses not to judge people for their actions - portrayed as a good, loyal friend - emphasises Hyde's evil when we see his instant dislike and judgement towards Hyde


  "In this character, it was frequently his fortune to be the last reputable acquaintance and the last good influence in the lives of downgoing men."(Chapter 1)
• Jekyll believes the duality of man is the root of suffering - struggles of Victorian gentlemen who were forced to repress their inner ID


  "If each, I told myself, could be housed in separate identities, life would be relieved of all that was unbearable." (Chapter 10)
• Man's duality is a primitive thing - links to darwinism


  'the primitive duality of man' (chapter 10)
• The Duality of Victorian society is emphasised through contrasts in setting


  'the street shone out in contrast to its dingy neighbourhood, like a fire in a forest' (chapter 1) and 'a certain sinister block of building thrust its fable on the street
• Hyde is compared to the devil, so great is his evil - suggests he is a creation of the devil - the personification of evil


  'If ever I read Satan's signature upon a face, it is on that of your new friend.' (chapter 2)