STS (MODULE 9)

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Created by
Carl Jeremy

Cards (41)

  • Megadiversity- A term used to define the world's top biodiversity-rich countries.

  • Criteria to qualify as a megadiverse country
    • Have at least 5,000 endemic plants
    • Have a marine ecosystem within the borders
  • According to Conservation International, an environmental non-profit, 70% of the world's flora and fauna exist in only 17 countries
  • These nations comprise just under 10% of the surface of the earth
  • The Philippines is one of the 17 megadiversity countries of the world
  • The Philippines is the top megadiverse country in terms of environmental degradation and species loss
  • Biodiversity -The variety of life on Earth and the essential interdependence of all living things

  • Three components of biodiversity
    Diversity of genes (Chihuahuas, beagles and rottweilers are all the same species but they are not the same because there is variety in their genes.
    Diversity of number of species (monkeys, dragonflies, and cats are all different species)
    Variety of ecosystems (lakes, ponds, and rivers are all freshwater ecosystems rocky coast, sand dune, estuary, salt marsh, coral reef are all marine ecosystems)
  • Species - A group of organisms of similar individuals that are capable of interbreeding.
  • Taxonomy- The field of Biology that deals with classifying organisms

  • Carolus Linnaeus is the father of Modern Taxonomy (1700's)
  • Bio - means Life.
    Diversity - means Variety.
  • Hierarchy of Biological Classification
    • Kingdom
    • Phylum
    • Class
    • Order
    • Family
    • Genus
    • Species
  • Taxonomists estimate that there are somewhere between 3M-50M different species living today.
  • 65% of all known species are INVERTEBRATES.
  • International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) - Established on 5 October 1948, in Fontainebleau, France. The initiative to set up this organization came from the British biologist Julian Huxley, who was involved in an earlier organization with similar goals.
  • The IUCN is best known for it's IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species - was founded in 1964. the worlds most comprehensive list of global conservation status for plants and animals.
  • Ecosystem - A biological community that includes all living things interacting in a certain area or region with non-living things such as weather, climate, temperature, soil, air, sun, among others.
  • Habitat might Describe.
    • The name of the place where the creature lives.
    • the dominant vegetation of the place where the creature.
    • the type of place where the creature lives.
  • Norman Myers and Russell Mittermeier identified biodiversity hotspots.
  • Edward O. Wilson - an American evolutionary biologist, predicted that the planet loses approximately 27,000 species per year. He based his estimate on the rapid disappearance of ecosystems and destruction of biomes, particularly tropical forests and grasslands.
  • Pressures to biodiversity
    • 1.habitat destruction.
    • 2. high population density and growth rates.
    • 3. species introductions/invasive alien species.
    • 4. global climate change.
    • 5. illegal wildlife trade.
    • 6. deficiencies in the knowledge on biodiversity.
    • 7. inadequate enforcement of environmental laws and poor political will.
    • 8. failure to put value on the environment.
  • 2010 - International Year of Biodiversity.
  • Endangered species – refers to species or subspecies that is not critically endangered but whose survival in the wild is unlikely if the causal factors continue operating/ in imminent danger of extinction.
  • Threatened species - are those that are likely to become endangered at least locally in the foreseeable future.
  • Vulnerable species - refers to species or subspecies that is not critically endangered nor endangered but is under threat from adverse factors throughout their range and is likely to move to the endangered category in the future/ are naturally rare or have been locally depleted by human activities to a level that puts them at risk.
  • Endemic species – refers to species or subspecies which is naturally occurring and found only within specific areas of the country.
  • Exotic species – refers to species or subspecies which do not occur naturally in the country.
  • Philippines
    • Considered the smallest of the 17 megadiverse countries of the world covering only 2/100 of the total land area of the earth.
    • 24,000 species of plants and animals were recorded existing in our country and half of those are not found in any other country.
    • Roughly 7, 620 species of plants documented in the country, 5,382 of which are presumed to be endemic.
    • 33% of flora, 75% amphibians, 70% of reptiles, and 44% of birds are endemic in our country.
    • home to over 700 threatened species, making it one of the world’s most important conservation sites. 
  • Tamaraw (Dwarf Water Buffalo) - The tamaraw or Mindoro dwarf buffalo is a small, hoofed mammal belonging to the family Bovidae. It is endemic to the island of Mindoro in the Philippines and is the only endemic Philippine bovine.
  • The northern Luzon giant cloud rat (Phloeomys pallidus) is a rodent endemic to the Island of Luzon in the Philippines.
  • The bumblebee bat or Kitti’s hog-nosed bat "is the smallest bat in the world, maybe even the smallest mammal, weighing less than two grams, found in Thailand and Myanmar.
  • Invertebrates - Animals that doesn't have a backbone
  • Endemic - Species or Living Organisms living within that area only.
  • Marine - Salt Water
  • Flora - Plants
  • Fauna - Animals.
  • NIPAS ACT OF 1992
    -also known as Republic Act 7586
    -maintain essential ecological processes and life-support systems, to preserve genetic diversity, to ensure sustainable use of resources, and to maintain their natural conditions.
    -This Act shall also apply to exotic species which are subject to trade, are cultured, maintained and/or bred in captivity or propagated in the country.
    107 Protected Areas with Legislation as of 2021
     we now have a total of 246 PAs across the country under the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS).Oct 25, 2022
  • Republic Act 9147
    -AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION OF WILDLIFE RESOURCES AND THEIR HABITATS, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.