Further Mechanics

Created by

mishal azhar

Cards (20)

Circular motion 
An object moving in a circular path at constant speed has a constantly changing velocity as velocity has both magnitude and direction, therefore the object must be accelerating (this is known as centripetal acceleration)
Centripetal force 
The force that causes an object to move in a circular path, it always acts towards the centre of the circle
Angular speed (ω) 
The angle an object moves through per unit time
Radian 
The angle in the sector of a circle when the arc length of that sector is equal to the radius of the circle
Simple harmonic motion (SHM)
An object's acceleration is directly proportional to displacement and in the opposite direction
Displacement (x) 
Measure of how far the object is from the equilibrium position
Amplitude (A) 
The maximum displacement of the object from the equilibrium position
Maximum speed = ωA
Maximum acceleration = ω^2A
Simple pendulum 
Small, dense bob of mass m hangs from a string of length l, oscillates with SHM if displaced by less than 10°
Mass-spring system 
Kinetic energy converted to elastic and gravitational potential energy (vertical) or just elastic potential energy (horizontal)
In any SHM system, kinetic energy is transferred to potential energy and back as the system oscillates
Damping 
Energy loss in an oscillating system, leading to reduced amplitude
Types of damping 
Light (under-damping)
Critical
Heavy (over-damping)
Free vibrations 
Oscillations with no external driving force, at the system's natural frequency
Forced vibrations 
Oscillations due to an external driving force, with a driving frequency
Resonance 
Occurs when the driving frequency equals the natural frequency, leading to increased amplitude
Applications of resonance 
Instruments
Radio
Swing
Resonance can cause damage to structures
Effect of increased damping on resonance
Decreases maximum amplitude, shifts peak to lower frequencies, and broadens the peak