nsci 225 lc#3

• what is a vibratory disturbance that occurs in air or some other “medium” (substance)?

  sound
• what consists of waves-local changes in pressure—that travel through the medium?

  sound
• which property of sound waves is an increase in pressure pushing particles together?

  condensation
• which property of sound waves is a decrease in pressure; with particles being spread out?

  rarefaction
• wavelength : color is to (sound)?

  frequency : pitch
• amplitude : brightness is to (sound)?

  amplitude : volume
• purity : saturation is to (sound)?

  waveform : timbre
• what is the number of times that a wave repeats itself in a second?

  frequency
• ___ ___ would have a single frequency?

  pure tones
• high or low frequency?

  high

  
• ___ is the inverse of wavelength?

  frequency
• frequency is related to the perception of?

  pitch
• Quality of a tone as we move from octave to octave is?

  tone chroma
• what is the pressure difference between the atmospheric pressure and the maximum pressure of the wave (how large the sound wave is)?

  amplitude
• amplitude is measured in?

  decibels
• which is a louder sound (black or blue line)?

  black

  
• If you have a sound that has a pressure of 20,000, how loud would that sound be in dB SPL?

  60 dB SPL

  
• When you use this reference value, the decibels are called dB SPL. SPL stands for “Sound Pressure Level.”

  
• Would we be able to hear the sound marked “A”?

  No

  
• To which frequencies are we most sensitive?

  Frequencies involved with conversational speech (2,000-6,000)

  
• what is the shape and uniformity of the wave?

  waveform
• Subjective/perceptual property related to waveform is?

  timbre
• Each complex wave is made up of different frequency __ waves?

  sine

  
• when you add pure tones to correlate complex tone, that is?

  additive synthesis
• when you break complex waveform into its pure tone components, that is?

  fourier analysis
• Complex waves are made up of a number of different ___?

  harmonics
• what is the lowest frequency sound that’s contributing to that sound (aka largest amplitude)?

  fundamental frequency

  
• fundamental frequency can also be the?

  1st harmonic

  
• what are whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency?

  higher harmonics
• If we have a piano note where the fundamental frequency is 500 Hz, could 600 Hz be a harmonic for that sound?

  no

  
• If we have a piano note where the fundamental frequency is 500 Hz, could 1500 Hz be a harmonic for that sound?

  yes

  
• which is the fundamental frequency (a,b,c,d)?

  a

  
• Timbre depends on the harmonics, but also on _____, the build up of sound?

  attack
• Timbre depends on the harmonics, but also on ___, the decrease in sound at end of tone?

  decay
• Timbre depends on the harmonics, but also on ___ and ___?

  attack; decay
• what sound localization cues depend on difference in the signal between the 2 ears?

  binaural cues
• what are the binaural cues?

  ITD, ILD
• what are the monaural cues?

  spectral cues
• does masking the fundamental frequency change the pitch?

  no
• timbre

  A) decay

  B) attack