Paper 3

• Physical study - hypothesis

  Sand dunes become more established as you move further away from the shoreline on Formby Beach
• Urban study hypothesis

  Inequalities in housing exist in Leigh
• human study location

  Leigh - Greater Manchester - Northwest England
• Human study expectation

  - As you move further away from leigh town centre, should see improvement in quality of housing + areas they are situated

  - Quality of environment should also improve with distance related to the residential area in which they exist
• Urban study - Risks, how to combat them

  - Cars/run over - stick to pavements, cross at crossings

  - Stranger danger - stay in groups, mobile phones, teacher present
• Urban study - Methods and descriptions

  - Quality of environment - 3 surveys of 3 residential areas

  - Chestnut avenue, Bonnywell road, Etherstone Street

  - increasing distance from Leigh town centre

  
  

  
  

  - Survey out of 4 main categories rapid of 20

  - Sub-categories each marked out of 5 based on opinion

  - Higher score = better housing/area

  
  

  - field sketches - drew residential areas (houses) and annotated certain features
• Urban study - Why appropriate

  - Conducted to see if inequalities exist in housing

  - See if housing/area improves with distance towards edge of town

  
  

  - Yes it was appropriate - gave area score on numerous categories (although qualitative rather than quantitative)

  
  

  - conducted to bank up finding from the Q of environment survey and to compare/ contrast certain features
• Urban study - Type of presentation used

  - Bar charts - 3 areas split into four categories

  - Used to visually compare 3 residential areas

  - The bigger the bar the better the housing and related quality of area

  
  

  
  

  - Can also compare each category if you want further analysis and detail

  
  

  - Snapshot of area at a given time - can describe and explain which gives reasons for certain scores from quality survey.

  - Easily compare housing areas
• Urban study - Description of results

  - Environmental quality survey

  
  

  - The area with highest EQ was Chestnut Avenue with a total environmental quality score of 69

  
  

  - The area with the lowest EQ score was Etherstone Street with a total environmental quality score of 28
• Urban study - Analysis/explanation

  Chestnut Avenue is furthest from the town centre. It had more space; less litter and maintenance better on housing meaning scored of Q of environment survey were higher

  
  

  In contrast, Etherstone Street is closest to centre either lower scores overall reflecting higher density, more noise due to busy roads
• Urban study - Links between data sets

  Compare building quality with open space gardens and field sketches
• Urban studies - Anomalies

  No anomalies
• Urban study - Conclusion

  - housing qualities do exist in Leigh

  - the reasons for this are:

  • as you move further from centre, the older the houses. Built in time when workers in nearby factories would've worked

  • smaller to increase housing density and cheaper

  • houses need more maintenance due to their age + condition
• Urban study - Evaluation

  Problems: based on opinion (qualitative)

  Limitation: biased or harsher on some categories - based on what you see

  Suggestion for other data: could have calculated an average from everyone’s EQ surveys

  Reliable:Yes- categories such as building + open space will remain sail over timeNo- some categories (maintenance) may change
• Physical fieldwork - Location

  Formby - Sefton Coast - Merseyside - Northwest England
• Physical fieldwork - expectation

  • Dunes grow taller, embryo dunes are only a few metres

  • Size/ he sight increases inland

  • Inland dunes become increasingly colonised by vegetation

  • Each line of dunes is separated by a trough called a slack. Slacks are formerly the ongoing removal of sediment between the dunes
• Physical study - Method and description

  Vegetation cover - every 20m quadrant placed and %vegetation cover recorded using ACFOR scale. - Systematic Sampling

  Sand dune measurement -Ranging polesused withclinometerto measure degree change of sand along atransectDistance between ranging poles also measured

  Photos
• Physical study - Why conduct? Why appropriate?

  - Conducted to see if dunes were more colonised inland

  - Yes, appropriate - gave % score

  
  

  - Conducted to see if sand dunes increased in height inland

  - Yes, appropriate - gave info needed to see if sand dune height changed - quantitive data

  
  

  - a recorded evidence of human interaction
• Physical study - Type of presentation - Why use this?

  - % squares (10x10) - shade in % ACFOR scale letter

  
  

  - Sand dune transect - visually see height

  
  

  - Annotated photos - recorded evidence seen
• Physical study - Description of results

  Transect - as you move further inland the height increased and decreased in places. When we concluded the survey sand dunes were very high

  
  

  Vegetation - As you move further inland dunes become more colonised by vegetation. This relates to ACFOR scale
• Physical study - Analysis/explanation

  Reason - Wind blows in from Irish sea and creates mounds of sand + slack

  (Slacks forked by the removal of sediment)

  
  

  Decaying plant material over time creates soil that allows the number of variety of plants to colonise increase
• Physical study - Links between data sets

  Height and vegetation. As dunes become more colonised height of dune increases. This is due to them becoming more stable and reducing sand migration
• Physical study - Anomalies

  There's was no anomalies
• Physical study conclusion

  Sand dunes grow taller as you move further inland, and dunes become increasingly colonised by vegetation. Hypothesis proven correct
• Physical study - Evaluation

  Problems: Transect - some sand dunes too steep or thick with vegetation l, hard to stick to straight transect

  Limitations: Embryo and fore dunes shift position over time but further inland they are more established

  Suggestions for other data: Collate info with other groups to see if they achieved a similar transect

  Reliable:Yes- dunes were visibly taller and more colonised further inland