Cerebral Palsy - Seizure

• Cerebral palsy (CP) is a problem that affects muscle tone, movement, and coordination. It happens when the brain can’t properly send messages to muscles about how to move in smooth or well-coordinated ways
• Cerebral palsy

  • Nonspecific term applied to neurologic disorder characterized by early onset & impaired movement & posture
  • Non progressive, accompanied by perceptual problems, language deficits, & intellectual involvement
• Cerebral - Latin (Cerebrum) : Affected part of brain
• Palsy

  • para - beyond
  • lysis - loosening
  • lack of muscle control
• Spastic: Hypertonicity, impaired gross &  fine motor skills, abnormal postures & overflow of movement
• Athetoid/Dyskinetic  : slow wormlike/writhing movements, drooling, dysarthria, choreoid & dystonic manifestation
• Hemiplegia - One side of the body is affected; The arm usually more involved than the leg'
• Diplegia - All four limbs are affected
• Quadriplegia - All four limbs are involved
• Monoplegia - Only one limb is affected usually an arm
• Triplegia - Three limbs are involved, usually both arms and a leg
• Lower extremities are involved
• Athetoid/Dyskinetic  : slow wormlike/writhing movements, drooling, dysarthria, choreoid & dystonic manifestation
• Ataxic: wide based gait, rapid, repetitive performed poorly movements, disintegration of movements of the upper extremities
• Mixed type or dystonic – combination of spasticity & athetosis
• The cause of CP isn't always known. But many cases happen when a child's brain is still developing, such as before birth or in early infancy.
• Possible Causes:

  • infections or other medical problems during a woman’s pregnancy
  • a stroke either in the womb or after birth
  • untreated jaundice (a yellowing of the skin and whites of eyes)genetic disordersIn rare cases, CP happens because something goes wrong during a child's birth.
• Premature babies (babies born early) have a higher chance of having CP than full-term babies. So do other low-birthweight babies and multiple births, such as twins and triplets.
• Areas of the brain that affect learning can also be affected. This can lead to learning disabilities. Brain damage also can happen from:
• Brain damage:

  • lead poisoningbacterial meningitisopoor blood flow to the brainobeing shaken as an infant (shaken baby syndrome)oan injury from an accident (like a car accident)

  In rare cases, CP happens after a problem during childbirth
• Exact cause is unknown but may result from injury of or damage to the brain before, during or shortly after birth (CP)
• Brain anoxia > cell destruction > motor neuron impairment
• Motor dysfunction accompanied by perceptual problems, language deficits, intellectual development
• CP WOF sigsn

  • not reaching for toys by 4 months or sitting up by 7 months
  • problems with motor skills, like being unable to crawl, walk, or move arms and legs in the usual way
  • uncoordinated movements
  • muscle tone that is too tight or too loose
  • infant reflexes (like the palmar grasp, or "hands in fists" reflex) that stay beyond the age at which they're usually gone
• Clinical Manefistations:

  • Delayed Gross Motor Development
  • Alterations of Muscle Tone
  • Abnormal Motor Performance
  • Abnormal Postures
  • Reflex Abnormalities
• Clinical Manifestations

  • Associated Disabilities & Problems
  • visual impairment
  • hearing impairment
  • communication & speech difficulties
  • seizures
  • intellectual impairments
• Early recognition & promotion of an optimum developmental course to enable affected children to attain their potential within the limits of their dysfunction.
• -The disorder is permanent, and therapy is chiefly symptomatic and preventive.
• (There's no cure for cerebral palsy. But resources and therapies can help kids grow and develop to their greatest potential.)
• Physical Therapy – Orthotic Devices

    -braces

    -splints

    -casting
• Adaptive Equipment

    -scooters, bicycles, & tricycles

    -wheelchairs

    -boards
• Occupational Therapy – Adaptive Equipment

    -utensils for functional use

    -switches

    -computers
• Speech-Language therapy

    -oral-motor skills

    -adaptive communication techniques
• Special Education

    -early intervention programs

    -specialized learning programs & support services

      in school

    -socialization to promote self-concept

      development
• Behavioral Therapy

    -neuromuscular electrical stimulation
• Care Coordination

    -care coordination of specialized   services & community resources  in collaboration with the child’s   family
• Surgical Intervention

    -orthopedic (tendon transfer, muscle strengthening)

    -neurologic (neurectomy)

    -selective dorsal rhizotomy
• Medical Therapy medications to treat:

  • Spasticity
  • Pain
  • secondary conditions (seizure disorder, constipation, UTIs, URIs, decubitus ulcer)
  • primary care for health supervision & acute childhood illnesses
• Seizure

  • episodic, stereotypic behavioral syndromes
  • with an abrupt onset, not provoked by external stimuli & result in loss of responsiveness.
  • are a symptom of an underlying disease process.
  • a single seizure event is not classified as epilepsy
• Epilepsy

  • a condition characterized by two or more unprovoked seizures more than 24 hours apart and can be caused by a variety of pathologic processes in the brain.