Matter and State of Matter.

• Matter

  Anything that has mass and takes up space
• Atoms

  Individual tiny particles that matter is composed of
• States of matter

  • Solids
  • Liquids
  • Gases
• Solids

  • Have a definite shape and volume
• Liquids

  • Have a definite volume but no definite shape, take the shape of their container
• Gases

  • Can flow, have no definite shape or volume
• Fluids


  Liquids and gases that can flow
• Viscosity


  Measure of a fluid's resistance to flow
• Density

  Mass divided by volume
• Solids have a very high density
• Liquids also have a high density, usually less than solids
• Gases have a very low density</b>
• Solids and liquids are only slightly compressible, gases are highly compressible
• Phase change


  Process of changing from one state of matter to another
• Phase change process

  1. Adding heat: Solid to liquid (melting), Liquid to gas (vaporization), Solid to gas (sublimation)

  2. Removing heat: Liquid to solid (freezing), Gas to liquid (condensation), Gas to solid (deposition)
• Endothermic processes


  Require absorption of heat (melting, vaporization, sublimation)
• Exothermic processes

  Require release of heat (freezing, condensation, deposition)
• Plasma

  Fourth state of matter, ionized gas
• Creating plasma

  Heat gas to strip electrons from atoms, creating ions and free electrons
• Ionization


  Process of creating plasma from gas
• Recombination

  Process of plasma returning to gas state as ions and electrons recombine
• Plasma conducts electricity, unlike neutral gas
• Plasma examples

  • Sun, neon signs, lightning, fire
• The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
• Gases have neither fixed shape nor volume.