GEN 003 P3

• Nanotechnology is the convergence of science, technology, and engineering where the observation, characterization, design, and controlled fabrication of materials and devices are at the scale of less than 100 nanometers.
• 1 nanometer is equal to 10^-9 m
• The ideas and concepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology started with a talk entitled 


  "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom"
• A talk entitled "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" was by a physicist


  Richard Feynman
• The father of nanotechnology


  Richard Feynman
• Feynman's talk was held at 


  an American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) in December 29, 1959
• Over a decade later, he coined the term nanotechnology


  Professor Norio Taniguchi
• it wasn't until 1981, with the development of the scanning tunneling microscope that could "see" individual atoms, that the modern nanotechnology began.
• There are 2 fundamental approaches to NANOMANUFACTURING:

  1. Bottom-up fabrication
  2. Top-down fabrication
• it manufactures products by building them up from atomic and molecular-scale components.


  Bottom-up fabrication
• it trims down large pieces of materials into nanoscale. This process needs larger amounts of materials and discards excess raw materials


  top-down fabrication
• The richness and variety of life- of genes, species and ecosystem


  Biodiversity
• It maintains the health of the earth and its people 


  Biodiversity
• provides us with food & medicine and contributes to our economy 


  Biodiversity
• The greater the variety of species, the healthier the


  biosphere
• study on the relationship of living 


  biotic
• study on the relationship of the nonliving


  abiotic
• is needed to study the ecosystem 


  Interdisciplinary approach
• a large number of different species in a certain area can be a predictor of


  sustainable life
• ensures a better survival rate against any natural disaster


  Sustainability of the ecosystem
• THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY


  1.Habitat loss and destruction

  2.Alterations in ecosystem composition

  3.Over-exploitation

  4.Pollution and contamination

  5.Global climate change
• Major contributing factor is the inhibition of human beings and the use of land for economic gains.


  1.Habitat loss and destruction
• Alterations and sudden changes, either within species groups or within the environment, could begin to change entire ecosystems.

  2.Alterations in ecosystem composition
• Over-hunting, overfishing, or over-collecting of species can quickly lead to its decline.


  3.Over-exploitation
• Pollution and contamination cause irreversible damage to species and varieties


  4.Pollution and contamination
• Both climate variability and climate change cause biodiversity loss


  5.Global climate change
• GMO


  Genetically modified organism
• Golden rice remedy a condition that kills up to

  250,00 children each year
• designed to fight a public health issue to get a green light from food safety officials in the developing world


  GMO
• Protesters destroyed test fields in the philippines in

  20133
• announced Wednesday that Golden Rice is as safe as conventional rice

  The Philippine Department of Agriculture Bureau of Plant Industry
• "it feels absolutely tremendous" to reach this stage, said


  Adrian Dubock
• Executive Secretary of the Golden Rich Humanitarian Board


  Adrian Dubock
• 2 added genes turn rice golden

  maize and soil bacterium
• rice grains produce 


  beta carotene
• in the Philippines, vitamin A deficiency among children has increased from


  15.2% in 2008 to 20.4% in 2013
• Golden rice could provide up to 


  half of the young child's daily needs
• GMO corn is transforming famer's lives in Philippines by


  Nkechi Isaac January 25, 2019
• firs country in Southeast Asia to approve commercial cultivation of GMO


  philippines
• first country in SOUTH ASIA to approve such a crop with its commercialization of pest-resistant Bt brinjal, or eggplat


  Bangladesh