Exam 5/1

• GH 


  Regulates growth and metabolism
• GH


  • Produced by somatotropic cells
  • Controlled by antagonistic (GHRH) hypothalamic hormones, specifically growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) which stimulates GH release, and growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) which inhibits GH release
  • Stimulates liver, skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage to produce insulin
• FSH 


  Regulates gamete (egg or sperm) production
• FSH

  • Controlled by the hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
  • Absent from the blood in prepubertal boys and girls
  • Targets ovaries and testes - female stimulate ovarian follicle to mature and stimulates production of estrogen, male - stimulates sperm production
• Prolactin (PRL)


  Stimulates milk production by the breasts in females
• Prolactin (PRL)


  • Triggered by a prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) from the hypothalamus and inhibited by prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)
  • Targets breast secretory tissue
• ACTH


  Hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex
• ACTH

  • Targets breast secretory tissue
  • Controlled by corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus in a daily rhythm
  • Inhibited by negative feedback by glucocorticoids from adrenal gland
• TSH 


  Targets thyroid gland and stimulates thyroid hormone release (T3 and T4)
• TSH


  • Controlled by hypothalamus (TRH) and indirectly by pregnancy and body temperature
• Pre-synaptic neuron


  The neuron that sends the signal
• Post-synaptic neuron


  The neuron that receives the signal
• Pre-synaptic neuron


  • Preganglionic neuron with a lightly myelinated axon
• Post-synaptic neuron


  • Ganglionic neuron that extends to the effector organ
• Sympathetic 


  Responsible for the "fight or flight" response in the body
• Sympathetic division involves


  • Exercise
  • Excitement
  • Emergency
  • Embarrassment
• Sympathetic 


  • Promotes adjustments during exercise by increasing blood flow to muscles and reducing flow to organs
  • Increases heart rate, breathing rate and the skin is cold and sweaty and the pupils dilate
• Parasympathetic


  Responsible for maintaining normal body and conserving energy
• Parasympathetic Nervous System involves

  • Digestion
  • Defecation
  • Diuresis
• Parasympathetic


  • Slows the heart rate, promotes gastrointestinal activity, and relaxes the body after a meal
  • Works in opposition to the sympathetic nervous system to maintain balance in the body
• Splanchnic nerves


  -Most splanchnic nerves synapse in collateral ganglia

  -splanchnic nerves terminate in the adrenal gland in the thoracic splanchnic.

  -The splanchnic nerves contribute to several interweaving nerve plexuses known collectively as the abdominal aortic plexus.