Gensoc

• GENDER AND SOCIETY
• SOCIETY BEFORE THE GENDER DEVELOPMENT
• Men

  • Work in science, engineering, and other technical fields
  • Make less money
  • Do "dirty jobs" such as construction and mechanics
  • As husbands, men tell their wives what to do
  • Men are lazy and/or messy
• Women

  • Worked as secretaries, teachers, and librarians
  • Supposed to cook and do housework
  • Responsible for raising children
  • Women are never in charge
• Men

  • In charge; they are always at the top
  • Dominant
• Women

  • Submissive
• GAD HISTORICAL FRAMEWORK
• GAD Historical Framework

  • 40's – 60's
  • 70's – 80's
  • Late 80's – 90's and ongoing
• 40'S TO 60'S
• United Nations Charter (1945) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)


  The first official recognition of women's equality and non-discrimination based on sex
• Focus on women's reproductive roles


  • Women seen as wives and mothers
  • Access to food, contraceptives, nutrition and healthcare
  • Increase women's political participation and harness their labor capacities to meet national development goals
• 70'S TO 80'S
• First World Conference for Women (1974)


  UN Decade for Women "76-85"
• Address


  • Reproductive
  • Productive
  • Community politics
• Access to and control over

  • Factors of production
  • Decision-making
• WID approaches


  • Anti-poverty
  • Equity
• Development


  Should empower women and men to greater self-reliance and assertion of their own capabilities
• LATE 80'S TO 90'S
• The GAD approach is concerned with


  • The way a society assigns roles, responsibilities, and expectations to both men and women
• GAD focuses primarily on two major frameworks

  • GENDER ROLES
  • SOCIAL RELATIONS ANALYSIS
• GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
• GENDER ROLES

  • Focuses on the social construction of identities within the households
  • Reveals the expectations from 'maleness and femaleness' in their relative access to resources
• SOCIAL RELATIONS ANALYSIS

  • Exposes the social dimensions of hierarchical power relations embedded in social institutions
  • Determines influence on the relative position of men and women in society
• GENDER

  • One's personal orientation
  • We learn gender
  • Social construction that resulted from the sociocultural influences along the process of an individual's development
• SEX

  • Biological distinction of being a male and female
  • We inherit sex
• GENDER IDENTITY
• Gender identity can be influenced by

  • Ethnic origin of the group (tradition, practices, mores, and beliefs)
• BASIS FO GENDER SOCIETY

  • FAMILY – first agent of socialization and learning gender identity
  • SCHOOL – influence of people that surround us
  • MEDIA – influence of other people around the world that use media
• PREJUDICED


  A set of unreasonable attitudes more likely unfavorable towards a person or a member of a particular group
• DISCRIMINATION


  Overt negative behaviors toward a person based on his/her membership in a group
• SEXISM


  Refers to any bias against an individual based on the individual's/group's sex
• STEREOTYPES


  Baseless assumptions about the characteristics, attributes, and behaviors of members of certain groups
• FORMS OF SEXISM


  • BENEVOLENT SEXISM – characterized by positive but stereotypical views of women
  • HOSTILE SEXISM – characterized by negative stereotypical views of women
  • AMBIVALENT SEXISM – holds the view of both hostile and benevolent sexism simultaneously
• CHAPTER 1: SOCIETY
• ORIGIN OF SOCIETY
• ORIGIN OF SOCIETY


  • Emerged in the 50th century, derived from the French word "Societe" – from the Latin word SOCEITAS – a friendly association with others
  • SOCIUS – companion, associate, and comrade
• SOCIETY


  A complex whole with interdependent parts
• CULTURE


  An attribute characteristics of a community
• MEANING AND NATURE OF SOCIETY
• SOCIETY

  A group of people which is characterized by common interest and may have distinct cultures and institutions